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Russia's wartime economy faces a long-term decline crisis due to debt and military spending

Russia's wartime economy faces a long-term decline crisis due to debt and military spending

C1๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

September 18th, 2026

Russia's wartime economy faces a long-term decline crisis due to debt and military spending

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

Friction is intensifying within Russia's wartime economy.

๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ „์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

This is because colossal military spending is causing the fiscal deficit to snowball.

๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์žฌ์ • ์ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ๋ฉ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

Consumer and business sentiment has darkened further, and the pace of growth has slowed.

์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋Š” ๋‘”ํ™”๋๋‹ค.

However, economists say that none of this points to an imminent financial crisis or economic collapse.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ค‘ ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.

Thanks to high prices driven by the war with Iran, revenue from its key crude oil exports has held up, allowing the government to secure the funds to cover the costs of its invasion of Ukraine, now in its fourth and a half year, at least for the time being.

์ด๋ž€ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์œ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ 4๋…„ ๋ฐ˜์งธ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์นจ๊ณต ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•  ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, the low unemployment rate and the government's generous support for impoverished regions are helping to keep consumer discontent in check.

ํ•œํŽธ, ์ €์กฐํ•œ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ผ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

This situation aligns with the Kremlin's narrative of stability ahead of Russia's stage-managed parliamentary elections, which begin on Friday and conclude on Sunday.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ฐ์ถœ๋œ ์˜ํšŒ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ํฌ๋ ˜๋ฆฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ • ์„œ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

However, economists warn that long-term problems are eroding the foundations and could eventually trigger a crisis.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Consumer sentiment indicators have been on a downward trend since their peak in 2024โ€“2025, when increased military spending drove up growth and wages.

์†Œ๋น„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ง€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋˜ 2024~2025๋…„ ์ •์  ์ดํ›„ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

More recently, as Ukrainian drone strikes have damaged oil refineries, consumers have had to contend with rising gasoline prices and supply shortages.

๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ๋“œ๋ก  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์œ ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…์–ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.

In addition, many small businesses have lost inventory and customers due to attacks on the online retailers Wildberries and Ozon.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์†Œ๋งค์—…์ฒด ์™€์ผ๋“œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ์˜ค์กด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

At the same time, the growth rate slowed from its peak of expanding by more than 4% annually in 2023โ€“2024.

๋™์‹œ์— ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 2023~2024๋…„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 4% ์ด์ƒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋˜ ์ •์ ์—์„œ ๋‘”ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

The government forecasts 0.6% for this year, and after the economy contracted in the first quarter, it rebounded somewhat in the second quarter.

์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด 0.6%๋ฅผ ์ „๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋ฐ˜๋“ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

The consumer sentiment index compiled by the Levada Center, an independent Russian polling organization, fell from 116 in the spring and summer of 2025 to 94 over the summer, and a figure below 100 suggests that consumer sentiment is negative rather than positive.

๋…๋ฆฝ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์—ฌ๋ก ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๊ณ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” 2025๋…„ ๋ด„๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ 116์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋™์•ˆ 94๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 100 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

In Moscow, those who were asked questions related to the election generally expressed fundamental concerns about pensions and prices.

๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Alexander Vertukhin, a 72-year-old retired military prosecutor, argued that the government should focus on "a decent standard of living for pensioners."

72์„ธ์˜ ์€ํ‡ดํ•œ ๊ตฐ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ๊ด€์ธ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํˆฌํžŒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ "์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ’ˆ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€"์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Regarding his own situation, he remarked that he was "doing well financially and in every other respect."

์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ˜์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Š” "์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Dmitry Kirillin, 26, stated, "Overall, I hope housing prices become more reasonably set, and that pensioners can lead a dignified life rather than merely surviving."

26์„ธ์˜ ๋“œ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ค๋ฆด๋ฆฐ์€ "์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

"I also hope that domestic travel becomes more affordable.

"๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฌํ–‰ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋”์šฑ ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.

Upon further reflection, I could list more items, but those are the main issues that come to mind right away."

์ข€ ๋” ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์—ด๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜, ์šฐ์„  ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค."

He added, "If possible under the current circumstances, I hope prices will rise more gradually."

๊ทธ๋Š” "ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์™„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.

Chris Weafer, the CEO of Macro-Advisory, a consulting firm operating throughout the former Soviet Union, said that although the gasoline crisis and the Wildberries attack have made the war more visible to the public, this does not constitute a crisis.

ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์‚ฌํƒœ์™€ ์™€์ผ๋“œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์œ„ํผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He described the economy as being in a state of "tolerable stability" and the public mood as amounting to no more than "grumbling" rather than protest.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ "๊ฒฌ๋”œ ๋งŒํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •" ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ, ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ "๋ถˆํ‰" ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Wiper said, "The economy is under pressure.

์œ„ํผ๋Š” "๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

It is stagnant in the sense that it is stable but not growing," adding, "but it is not facing a recession either."

์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ •์ฒด๋ผ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์นจ์ฒด์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He noted that the majority of people are "not particularly affected" by Ukraine's attacks, adding that "disrupted shopping habits will not change public support for the Kremlin."

๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด "๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, "์‡ผํ•‘ ์Šต๊ด€์ด ํํŠธ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๋ ˜๋ฆฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Although President Vladimir Putin's approval rating has been on the decline in recent months, it still remains considerably high compared with its level before the outbreak of the war in 2022.

๋ธ”๋ผ๋””๋ฏธ๋ฅด ํ‘ธํ‹ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ง€์ง€์œจ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , 2022๋…„ ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ด์ „ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค.

Russia's fiscal deficit and the government's efforts to seek new sources of funding are cited as one of the key signs of stress.

๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์žฌ์ • ์ ์ž์™€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๊ธˆ์› ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง•ํ›„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ผฝํžŒ๋‹ค.

Putin has relied on raising the value-added tax that consumers pay at the checkout, increasing various fees, and tightening taxation on small businesses, yet the deficit has continued to grow.

ํ‘ธํ‹ด์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์„ธ ์ธ์ƒ, ๊ฐ์ข… ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ์ธ์ƒ, ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์„ธ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ์˜์กดํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์ ์ž๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.

As of the end of July, budget data indicated a deficit of 2.8% of annual economic output, a shortfall that was nearly twice the originally planned annual budget target.

ๆˆช่‡ณ7ๆœˆๆœซ๏ผŒ้ข„็ฎ—ๆ•ฐๆฎ่กจๆ˜Žๅนดๅบฆ็ปๆตŽไบงๅ‡บๅ‡บ็Žฐไบ†2.8%็š„่ตคๅญ—๏ผŒ่ฟ™ไธ€็ผบๅฃๅ‡ ไนŽ่พพๅˆฐๅŽŸๅฎšๅนดๅบฆ้ข„็ฎ—็›ฎๆ ‡็š„ไธคๅ€ใ€‚

Meanwhile, the available resources of Russia's Reserve Fund have shrunk to 1.6% of GDP, which means the Kremlin has been forced to borrow from domestic banks.

ไธŽๆญคๅŒๆ—ถ๏ผŒไฟ„็ฝ—ๆ–ฏๅ‚จๅค‡ๅŸบ้‡‘็š„ๅฏ็”จ่ต„ๆบๅทฒ็ผฉๅ‡่‡ณGDP็š„1.6%๏ผŒ่ฟ™ๆ„ๅ‘ณ็€ๅ…‹้‡Œๅง†ๆž—ๅฎซไธๅพ—ไธๅ‘ๅ›ฝๅ†…้“ถ่กŒๅ€Ÿ่ดทใ€‚

However, this means having to pay high borrowing costs; according to Janis Kluge, a Russian finance expert at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Russian bond yields reach as high as 17%.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋…์ผ ๊ตญ์ œ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์žฌ์ • ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ธ ์•ผ๋‹ˆ์Šค ํด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 17%์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

In a recent report, he wrote that budgetary pressures are "deepening doubts about how long Russia can sustain the war."

์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์••๋ฐ•์€ "๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Russia's central bank has kept interest rates elevated in order to curb the inflation caused by war spending.

๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์€ ์ „์Ÿ ์ง€์ถœ๋กœ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.

This places a burden on private companies that are excluded from the preferential access to credit granted to defense firms.

์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํŠนํ˜œ์  ์‹ ์šฉ ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋ถ€๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.

Another source of war funding is the increased private lending by Russia's compliant banks to defense-related companies, and this debt does not appear in the deficit figures.

์ „์Ÿ ์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ฒœ์€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ˆœ์‘์ ์ธ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Š˜๋ฆฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ์ ์ž ์ˆ˜์น˜์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

In the long term, Western sanctions ensure that Russia is excluded from the new investment that would make its economy more productive.

์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์„œ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ œ์žฌ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌ์ž์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Moreover, risk factors such as high spending, low growth, mounting debt, and elevated borrowing costs are prompting some economists to warn that, although the Russian economy has not collapsed, its structural foundations are being eroded to a dangerous degree.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ง€์ถœ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์นจ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.

According to Torbjรถrn Becker of the Stockholm School of Economics, the current development path is "not sustainable."

Der gegenwรคrtige Entwicklungspfad sei โ€žnicht nachhaltigโ€œ, so Torbjรถrn Becker von der Stockholm School of Economics.

Nevertheless, "the timing of the crisis remains highly uncertain."

Dennoch bleibe โ€žder Zeitpunkt der Krise hรถchst ungewissโ€œ.

Crude oil export revenue, which had fallen below $10 billion a month before the outbreak of the war, rebounded to $15.8 billion in June and $13.8 billion in July.

์ „์Ÿ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ด์ „์— ์›” 100์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ‘๋Œ๋˜ ์›์œ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ 6์›” 158์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 7์›” 138์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋“ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Becker wrote that Russia's budget constraints "could effectively disappear as long as high energy prices persist."

๋ฒ ์ปค๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด "๋†’์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์†Œ๋ฉธํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He argued that, in order to change this, tougher measures against Russia's fleet of sanctions-evading oil tankers must take priority.

๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ œ์žฌ ํšŒํ”ผ ์›์œ  ํƒฑ์ปค ์„ ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

The money channeled into defense factories and enlistment bonuses benefited Russia's poorer provinces more than Moscow and St. Petersburg, and with factories often operating at full capacity, the national unemployment rate reached 2.2%.

๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๊ณต์žฅ๊ณผ ์ž…๋Œ€ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ์ž๊ธˆ์€ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์™€ ์ƒํŠธํŽ˜ํ…Œ๋ฅด๋ถ€๋ฅดํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์ด์ต์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒผ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์ด ์ข…์ข… ํ’€๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๊ตญ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์€ 2.2%์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

According to a recent report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies on Russia's defense industry, following the invasion of Ukraine, the Uralvagonzavod tank plant in Nizhny Tagil in the Ural region shifted to a round-the-clock production regime while expanding its workforce from roughly 20,000 to more than 38,000.

์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์นจ๊ณต ์ดํ›„, ์šฐ๋ž„ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ ํƒ€๊ธธ์— ์ž๋ฆฌํ•œ ์šฐ๋ž„๋ฐ”๊ณค์ž๋ณด๋“œ ํƒฑํฌ ๊ณต์žฅ์ด 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝ 2๋งŒ ๋ช…์—์„œ 3๋งŒ 8์ฒœ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ „๋žต๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌธ์ œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

Kupol, which produces drones and surface-to-air missiles, is the largest industrial enterprise in the Udmurtia region near the Volga River and has more than doubled its output in 2025.

๋“œ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ง€๋Œ€๊ณต ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฟ ํด์€ ๋ณผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ• ์ธ๊ทผ ์šฐ๋“œ๋ฌด๋ฅดํ‹ฐ์•ผ ์ง€์—ญ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ, 2025๋…„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋Š˜๋ ธ๋‹ค.

With hundreds of thousands of people, mostly young, having emigrated out of fear of conscription and political repression, a shortage of skilled labour is constraining production both in defence companies and across the economy as a whole.

์ง•์ง‘๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์  ํƒ„์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ Š์€ ์ธต ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ด์ฃผํ•œ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์ˆ™๋ จ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ œ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov, commenting on the considerable volatility in the monthly deficit figures, said, "This is not a figure that should cause concern.

ํฌ๋ ˜๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ ๋“œ๋ฏธํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํŽ˜์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„๋Š” ์›”๋ณ„ ์ ์ž ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ "์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ คํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Macroeconomic stability is absolutely guaranteed."

๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์•ˆ์ •์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

However, in a speech, Andrei Klepach, chief economist at the state-owned development bank VEB.RF, warned that sanctions and economic isolation mean "we are falling behind in the global technological and economic race" and that "we cannot win this war of attrition."

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์˜ VEB.RF ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์ด ํด๋ ˆํŒŒ์น˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ œ์žฌ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋’ค์ฒ˜์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ฉฐ "์ด ์†Œ๋ชจ์ „ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

In the end, he was reduced to the plight of being dismissed from his job.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์„ธ๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค.

Dasha Litvinova, who is from Tallinn, Estonia, has contributed significantly to this.

์—์Šคํ† ๋‹ˆ์•„ ํƒˆ๋ฆฐ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ๋‹ค์ƒค ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋น„๋…ธ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค.

September 18th, 2026

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