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China is tightening restrictions on technology exports, including artificial intelligence, citing national security risks.

China is tightening restrictions on technology exports, including artificial intelligence, citing national security risks.

C2๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

October 19th, 2026

China is tightening restrictions on technology exports, including artificial intelligence, citing national security risks.

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Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

On Friday, China declared its intention to restrict or prohibit exports in 40 technological fieldsโ€”including artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and solar power generationโ€”amid an intensifying technological rivalry with the United States and a coalition of other nations.

์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํ•„๋‘๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๊ฒฉํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์™€์ค‘์— ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ, ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋“ฑ 40๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ์ œํ•œ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•  ๋ฐฉ์นจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

The Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly released a draft document containing proposed revisions to the list of Chinese technologies subject to export bans or restrictions.

์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถœ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๊ฐœ์ •์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์ดˆ์•ˆ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

A spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce, in a statement, repeatedly stressed that the measure was "necessary," and cited national security as one of the grounds for its justification.

์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์€ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ "ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ทธ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

The proposal emerged as China and the United States made headway in talks aimed at establishing a notification system between the two superpowers concerning AI safety and governance, as well as AI incidents that could imperil national security.

์ด ์ œ์•ˆ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด AI ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” AI ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต๋ณด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ง„์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

According to Chinese government ministries, the list released on Friday encompasses 23 AI technologies, ranging from advanced large-scale models to agents.

์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 23๊ฐœ์˜ AI ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ง๋ผ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

US-led restrictions have, over the past several years, curtailed the export of certain advanced technologies to China, with the result that China is now barred from accessing not only the world's most sophisticated AI chips but also the cutting-edge semiconductor manufacturing equipment required to produce them.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒจ๋‹จ์ ์ธ AI ์นฉ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ •์˜ˆ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์ œ์กฐ ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

Under China's latest proposal, the core technologies of large-scale AI models trained on sensitive national data are banned from export, and AI agents designed to operate in exceptionally sensitive environments โ€” such as national defense and critical information infrastructure โ€” are likewise subject to the same prohibition.

์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ AI ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ •๋ณด ์ธํ”„๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ AI ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค.

A Ministry of Commerce statement said, "The Chinese government is implementing these necessary measures to strengthen the baseline of security, prevent misuse and abuse, and ensure that AI remains under human control."

์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€ ์„ฑ๋ช…์€ "์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ณด์•ˆ์˜ ์ตœ์ €์„ ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ AI๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์ œ ์•„๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, exports may be restricted in the case of AI models whose parameter count exceeds two trillion or which possess certain world-leading capabilities.

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 2์กฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•œ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

The parameter count of an AI model constitutes a key indicator reflecting its learning capacity.

AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.

Although Chinese AI models, including Moonshot's Kimi K3 and Alibaba's Qwen 3.8-Max, are known to boast parameter counts exceeding two trillion, Friday's proposal did not single out any specific model.

๋ฌธ์ƒท์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฏธ K3์™€ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”์˜ Qwen 3.8-Max๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด 2์กฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€๋ชฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

The proposed export restrictions also encompass a range of semiconductor design technologies, including certain AI processing chips and memory chips.

์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์ œํ•œ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ AI ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์นฉ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์นฉ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋˜ํ•œ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

It encompasses twelve solar power generation technologies, including those related to the manufacture of polysilicon, a key raw material in the solar supply chain, and likewise includes five biomedical technologies, among them techniques pertaining to cell and gene therapy.

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์ž์žฌ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์ œ์กฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ „์ž ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ญ์‹œ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

This measure "can be seen as a response to Western countries imposing sovereignty requirements on AI, robotics, telecommunications and other core technologies," said Lian Jie Su, a senior analyst at technology research and advisory group Omdia.

์ด๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” "AI, ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™, ํ†ต์‹  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋ฐฉ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์˜ด๋””์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์ง€์— ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He believes the goal is to regulate access to Chinese technology more effectively.

๊ทธ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

In June, citing national security concerns, the U.S. Department of Commerce asked Anthropic to bar foreign nationals from accessing Fable 5 and Mythos 5, which belong to its most powerful lineup of AI models; those restrictions were subsequently lifted.

์ง€๋‚œ 6์›”, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด์ƒ์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์•ค์Šค๋กœํ”ฝ ์ธก์— ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ์ตœ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด๋ธ” 5์™€ ๋ฏธํ† ์Šค 5์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ํ•ด์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Gary Ng, a senior economist at the French bank Natixis, added that artificial intelligence is steadily growing in strategic importance for both China and the United States.

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์€ํ–‰ ๋‚˜ํ‹ฐ์‹œ์Šค์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ ์‘์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์–‘์ธก ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ฐจ ์ „๋žต์  ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ€์—ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"The world is becoming increasingly fragmented in terms of trade, investment, and access to technology," Ng remarked.

"์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์‘์€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

October 19th, 2026

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