Trump: "They have their banks here — Canadian banks, all their major banking institutions, those grand and imposing establishments.
特朗普:“他们在我们这里设有他们的银行——加拿大的银行,他们所有的大型银行,那些规模宏大、气派非凡的银行。
To my reckoning, they maintain six or seven principal banking entities on our soil.
据我判断,他们在此地拥有六七家主要银行机构。
We possess not a single one over there.
我们在那边却一家都没有。
Do you apprehend the underlying reason?
你可知道其中缘由?
It is because they categorically preclude our entry."
因为他们根本不允许我们涉足。”
Fact: according to a spokesperson for the Canadian Bankers Association, fifteen American banks currently operate in Canada in the form of branches or subsidiaries.
事实:据加拿大银行家协会发言人所述,目前共有15家美国银行以分行或附属机构之形态在加拿大境内运营。
Experts note that, although certain regulatory constraints may render competition arduous for American banks in the Canadian market, they nonetheless enjoy unimpeded access to it.
专家指出,尽管某些监管限制或令美国银行在加拿大市场的竞争举步维艰,但它们仍可自由准入该市场。
According to the latest statistical data from the Federal Reserve, eight Canadian banks conduct operations within the United States.
依据美联储最新统计数据,有8家加拿大银行在美国境内开展业务。
The Bank of Canada is not among them—serving as Canada's central bank, its function is tantamount to that of the U.S. Federal Reserve, rather than a commercial bank.
加拿大银行并不在此列——它作为加拿大的中央银行,其职能相当于美国的美联储,而非商业银行。
James Thompson, a professor of finance at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, asserts: "In my view, the root of much confusion lies in the pronounced divergence between the regulatory frameworks of the United States and Canada.
詹姆斯·汤普森,这位加拿大安大略省滑铁卢大学的金融学教授,断言道:“依我之见,诸多困惑的根源在于美加两国监管框架的显著分歧。
While American banks are indeed permitted to conduct operations within Canadian territory, the strategic choices they make in entering the Canadian market will fundamentally circumscribe the scope of operations they are able to deploy."
美国银行固然获准在加拿大境内开展业务,然而它们涉足加拿大市场的策略选择,将从根本上制约其所能施展的运营范畴。”
Canada's banking architecture is constituted of three categories of institutions—Schedule I, Schedule II, and Schedule III.
加拿大的银行业架构由三类机构组成——附表I、附表II及附表III。
Among these, Schedule I encompasses domestic banks, and the aggregate assets amassed by the six principal Schedule I banks have already eclipsed the combined assets of the nation's remaining twenty-eight smaller banking entities.
其中,附表I囊括了本土银行,而六家主要的附表I银行所累积的总资产,已然超越了该国其余二十八家规模较小银行的资产总和。
Foreign entities may elect to operate as either Schedule II or Schedule III banks.
外国实体可选择以附表II或附表III银行之身份开展运营。
Schedule II banks are foreign subsidiaries incorporated in Canada, and as such they are subject to substantially the same banking regulatory framework as domestic banks.
附表II银行系在加拿大注册的外国子公司,其大体上与国内银行遵循相同的银行监管框架。
Schedule III banks, by contrast, are branches of foreign banks established in Canada; these entities are not incorporated domestically and are consequently bound by regulatory constraints, including, for instance, higher minimum deposit thresholds.
附表III银行则为外国银行在加拿大设立的分行,此类机构未在加拿大注册,因而须面对诸如较高存款最低限额等监管制约。
The majority of American-owned banks operate in Canada in the form of Schedule III institutions.
多数美国所有的银行均以附表III机构之形式在加拿大运营。
Natalie Bergeron, spokesperson for the Canadian Bankers Association, elucidated that the aggregate assets amassed by American bank branches and their affiliated entities operating within Canada approximate C$124 billion (equivalent to US$90.1 billion), a figure constituting more than half of the total assets held by all foreign bank subsidiaries and branches.
加拿大银行家协会发言人娜塔莉·伯格龙阐明,在加拿大境内运营的美国银行分行及其附属机构所累积的总资产规模约为1,240亿加元(折合901亿美元),此数额占所有外资银行子公司及分行所持资产总额的一半以上。
She stated: “These institutions are dedicated to delivering a comprehensive suite of financial services, encompassing corporate and commercial lending, treasury management, credit card offerings, investment banking, and mortgage financing.
她表示:“这些机构专注于提供一系列综合金融服务,涵盖公司贷款与商业信贷、资金管理、信用卡产品、投资银行业务及抵押贷款融资。
Their clientele extends beyond those engaged in cross-border operations to encompass the domestic Canadian retail market as well.”
其服务对象不仅限于具有跨境业务往来的客户群体,亦延伸至加拿大本土零售市场。”
American banking institutions operating within Canada, such as JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Bank of America, Capital One, and Wells Fargo, are conspicuously enumerated therein.
在加拿大境内运营的美资银行,诸如摩根大通、花旗、美国银行、第一资本及富国银行等,均赫然在列。
Both Schedule II and Schedule III banks are considerably constrained by Canada's banking regulatory framework.
附表II与附表III类银行均因加拿大银行业监管框架而受到诸多掣肘。
Jeremy Kronick, President and Chief Executive Officer of the C.D. Howe Institute in Canada and a preeminent authority on financial and monetary policy, elucidates that Schedule III banks are precluded from accepting deposits below CAD 150,000 (approximately USD 72,529), a stipulation that effectively disqualifies them as viable retail banking options for the vast majority of the populace.
加拿大C.D.豪威研究所总裁兼首席执行官、金融与货币政策领域权威杰里米·克罗尼克阐释道,附表III类银行不得受理低于15万加元(折合约72,529美元)的存款业务,此举意味着绝大多数民众无法将其作为零售银行之选。
He further expounds that, given Schedule II banks operate as legal entities independent of their foreign parent corporations, such institutions are compelled to establish localized capital and liquidity frameworks—an arrangement that, from an operational banking perspective, is unequivocally inefficient.
他进一步补充,鉴于附表II类银行系独立于其外国母公司的法人实体,此类机构须自行构建本地化的资本与流动性架构——从银行运营视角观之,这无疑是一种效率低下的安排。
These constraints are likely the fundamental reason why the vast majority of American banks have chosen not to venture into the Canadian market.
这些制约因素,很可能正是绝大多数美国银行选择不涉足加拿大市场的根本缘由。
According to statistics from the Federal Reserve, there are over 3,700 commercial banks wholly owned by domestic capital within the United States, whereas Canada boasts a mere 15 across the entire nation.
据美联储统计数据显示,美国境内由本土资本全资持有的商业银行逾3,700家,而加拿大全国范围内则仅有区区15家。
Thompson observes: “Canada, as a relatively circumscribed market, is already served by banking institutions of considerable magnitude, which boast well-established brand identities, extensive branch networks, and customer relationships cultivated over prolonged periods.
汤普森指出:“加拿大作为一个相对有限的市场,其现有银行业者已然是规模庞大的机构,坐拥成熟的品牌形象、广泛的分支网络以及长期积淀的客户关系。
For American banks contemplating entry into this arena, the requisite infrastructure to compete for Canadian retail clientele would entail prohibitive expenditure, while the initial gains would amount to no more than a modest sliver of an already inherently constrained market.”
对于有意涉足此地的美国银行而言,构建足以与加拿大零售客户竞争的必要基础设施将耗费高昂成本,而初期所能攫取的,不过是这一本就相对逼仄的市场中的一小块份额。”
This article was initially published on September 3, 2026, and subsequently revised on September 8 of the same year, with the aim of rectifying the figure pertaining to the assets held by Bank of America's Canadian branches and their subsidiaries.
本文最初于2026年9月3日面世,后于同年9月8日加以修订,旨在更正美国银行在加拿大运营的分行及其子公司所持资产之数额。
As estimated, the aggregate assets amount to approximately $90.1 billion, the precise figure being contingent upon exchange rate fluctuations, rather than the $904 million as previously stated.
经估算,其总资产约为901亿美元,具体数值随汇率波动而定,而非先前所述的9.04亿美元。