In short, the renewed flames of war in the Middle East have once again driven up gasoline prices.
简而言之,中东重燃的战火再度推高了汽油价格。
Moreover, various indications suggest that, notwithstanding inflation's stubbornly elevated level, the economy continues to expand at a steady pace.
此外,种种迹象表明,尽管通胀依然顽固高企,经济仍以稳健步伐增长。
These three factors appear to have collectively impelled the committee to shift from a wait-and-see stance to decisive action.
这三个因素似乎共同促使委员会从观望模式转向果断行动。
Nevertheless, this move by the Fed does not necessarily portend that Americans will, in the near term, bear markedly escalating costs for mortgages or other borrowing, inasmuch as financial markets appear to have made their peace with the Fed's commitment to combating inflation.
然而,美联储此举未必预示着美国人在短期内将为抵押贷款或其他借贷承担显著攀升的成本,盖因金融市场似已对美联储抗击通胀的承诺释然于怀。
On Thursday, the yield on 10-year US Treasury notes even edged lower, perhaps a sign that investors' inflation anxieties are easing.
周四,10年期美国国债收益率甚至略有回落,或为投资者通胀忧虑趋缓之表征。
The Fed's rate hike “alleviated concerns about whether the Fed was serious about stubborn inflation,” said Oscar Munoz, head of U.S. economic research at TD Securities.
美联储加息“缓解了人们对美联储是否认真对待顽固通胀的担忧”,道明证券美国经济研究主管奥斯卡·穆尼奥斯如是表示。
“Moreover, they are prepared to translate words into action, not merely engaging in talk but taking concrete measures.”
“况且他们已准备付诸行动,不只是停留在口头讨论,而是切实采取举措。”
By raising the short-term interest rates under its control, the Federal Reserve seeks to dampen borrowing and spending, thereby—ideally—cooling inflation.
美联储通过上调其掌控的短期利率,以抑制借贷与支出,进而理想化地为通胀降温。
Although the Fed's rates can influence long-term costs such as mortgage rates, it does not directly control them.
美联储的利率虽能波及抵押贷款利率等长期成本,却并不直接掌控这些成本。
For months, Federal Reserve officials have been weighing whether the surge in oil and gasoline prices triggered by the war with Iran will amount to nothing more than a transient shock to inflation.
数月以来,美联储官员始终在权衡:伊朗战争所引发的石油与汽油价格攀升,究竟是否仅会对通胀构成暂时性冲击。
If that proves to be the case, raising interest rates might well be a shot in the dark: by the time higher borrowing costs begin to weigh on the economy, the gasoline price shock will likely have faded, and inflation will have subsided of its own accord back to the Fed's 2% target.
倘若如此,加息之举或许便无的放矢:待到更高的借贷成本开始拖累经济之时,汽油价格的冲击恐已消退,通胀亦将自行回落至美联储2%的目标水平。
At the Fed's most recent meeting, on July 29, its statement noted that inflation remained elevated, "reflecting in part supply-side shocks that have driven up prices in some sectors, including energy."
在7月29日美联储的上次会议上,其声明指出通胀仍处高位,“部分反映了推动某些行业(包括能源)价格上涨的供给侧冲击”。
Meanwhile, gasoline prices have continued to climb steadily.
与此同时,汽油价格持续稳步攀升。
According to AAA data, the price of gasoline reached $4.44 per gallon on Thursday, 38 cents higher than a month earlier.
据AAA数据显示,周四油价已达每加仑4.44美元,较一个月前高出38美分。
The price of diesel, for its part, has set a record high, hitting $6.40 per gallon, a development that is bound to drive up the transportation costs of goods across a wide range of categories.
柴油价格则已刷新纪录高位,触及每加仑6.40美元,此举势将推高诸多品类商品的运输成本。
Whenever the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, apprehension inevitably follows: the escalating cost of borrowing will ultimately act as a severe drag on the economy, thereby precipitating a recession.
每逢美联储加息,忧虑便随之而起:借贷成本的攀升终将严重掣肘经济,进而诱发衰退。
Warsh, however, underscored that the economic fundamentals remain sound, sustaining a trajectory of continuous growth even in the face of a succession of shocks — rising gasoline prices, higher tariffs, and elevated interest rates, among others.
然而沃什却强调,经济基本面稳健,纵然屡遭汽油价格上涨、关税上调及利率走高等多重冲击,仍保持持续增长之势。
"Our decision comes at a time when the US economy appears to be gaining strength," Warsh remarked.
“我们的决策恰逢美国经济似有走强之势,”沃什表示。
"New hiring, private-sector profits, and corporate capital investment—in recent months, all these indicators have improved and point to a benign trajectory."
“新增招聘、私营部门盈利以及企业资本投资——近数月来这些指标均有所改善,且指向良性走向。”
Even though the economy may already be showing signs of acceleration, stubborn inflation has nonetheless eroded the real wages of the American people.
纵使经济或已显露加速之迹,顽固的通胀却已然蚕食了美国民众的实得薪资。
On an annualized basis, inflation has now outpaced average earnings for five consecutive months, making it increasingly difficult for Americans to afford such daily necessities as gasoline, food, and rent.
以年率计,通胀涨幅迄今已连续五个月凌驾于平均收入之上,致使美国人愈益难以负担汽油、食品与房租等生活必需品。
Warsh stated that if the Federal Reserve could anchor the inflation rate at its 2% target, then Americans, "at the moment they collect their paychecks, would be able to escape their predicament and achieve growth in real disposable income."
沃什表示,倘若美联储能够将通胀率锚定于2%的目标水平,那么美国人在“领取薪资之际,便可摆脱困境,并实现实际可支配收入的增长”。
On Wednesday evening, President Donald Trump once again took aim at the Federal Reserve and pressed for a substantial cut in interest rates, yet on this occasion he refrained from directing his fire at Warsh, the man he himself had appointed as chairman earlier this year.
唐纳德·特朗普总统于周三晚间再度对美联储予以抨击,并敦促大幅下调利率,然而此番他并未将矛头指向今年早些时候由其本人任命为主席的沃什。
Such conduct stands in stark contrast to the treatment meted out to Warsh's predecessor, Jerome Powell, who was repeatedly subjected to personal attacks by Trump and also found himself the target of a criminal investigation that was subsequently dropped.
此举与沃什的前任杰罗姆·鲍威尔所遭遇的境况判然有别——鲍威尔曾屡遭特朗普的人身攻击,亦曾面临刑事调查,而该调查其后被撤销。
"This committee is extremely hostile, highly politicized, and engaged in wrongdoing.
“这个委员会怀有极度敌意,高度政治化,正在行不义之事。
They are nothing more than a bunch of politicians," Trump said, referring to the twelve Federal Reserve officials on the central bank's rate-setting committee.
他们无非是一群政客,”特朗普在提及央行利率制定委员会12名美联储官员时如是说。
"They raise rates for no other reason than to make Trump do as badly as possible."
“他们加息,无非是要让特朗普尽可能做得糟糕。”
Economists, however, take issue with this, contending that Trump's criticism is misleading.
然而,经济学家对此持有异议,认为特朗普的批评具有误导性。
They point out that, beyond the Fed, the surge in long-term interest rates over the past two months stems from a multitude of factors.
他们指出,除美联储之外,过去两个月长期利率的飙升还源于多重因素。
For instance, the 10-year US Treasury yield, which exerts a pivotal influence on mortgage rates, surpassed 5% this week for the first time since 2023.
譬如,10年期美国国债对抵押贷款利率有着举足轻重的影响,本周其收益率自2023年以来首次突破5%。
Meanwhile, the average weekly rate on 30-year fixed-rate home loans climbed to just under 7%, the highest level in more than 19 months.
与此同时,30年期固定利率住房贷款的周平均利率攀升至略低于7%的水平,创下逾19个月以来的最高纪录。
The surge in investment in artificial intelligence data centres has likewise driven up borrowing costs, inasmuch as the major technology companies have issued hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of bonds to raise funds for their expansion; and this torrent of bond issuance has, in turn, exerted upward pressure on interest rates.
人工智能数据中心投资的激增亦推高了借贷成本,盖因大型科技公司为筹措扩建资金而发行了数千亿美元债券;而债券的大量发行,同样对利率构成了上行压力。
Warsh also cited strengthening economic growth momentum, which typically exerts upward pressure on interest rates, inasmuch as more businesses, anticipating higher returns from new projects, expand their borrowing to finance expansion.
沃什亦提及经济增长势头增强,此举通常会对利率形成上行压力,盖因更多企业预期新项目将带来更高回报,遂扩大借贷以资扩张。
Yet Warsh made no mention whatsoever of the other driver of upward pressure on interest rates that numerous economists have identified: the persistently high and steadily accumulating debt of the US government — debt that has recently surpassed $40 trillion and swelled dramatically during Trump's tenure.
然而,沃什却只字未提众多经济学家所指出的推升利率的另一重驱动因素:居高不下且持续累积的美国政府债务——该债务近期已突破40万亿美元,并在特朗普执政期间急剧膨胀。
Likewise, he made no reference to tariffs, the very issue that his predecessor, Powell, repeatedly and emphatically underscored.
同样,他亦未提及关税问题,而这一议题恰恰是其前任鲍威尔屡屡着重强调的。