Russia's wartime economy is under pressure.
俄罗斯战时经济正承受压力。
Huge military spending keeps widening the budget deficit. Consumers and businesses feel more pessimistic, and growth has slowed.
巨额军费让预算赤字不断扩大,消费者和企业更加悲观,增长也已放缓。
But economists say this does not mean a financial crisis or economic collapse is coming soon.
不过经济学家表示,这并不意味着金融危机或经济崩溃即将来临。
Because the war with Iran has pushed oil prices up, Russia's key oil export income has held up.
由于伊朗战争推高油价,俄罗斯关键的石油出口收入得以维持。
The government can still pay for the war in Ukraine for now.
政府目前仍能支付对乌克兰战争的费用。
Consumer confidence has kept falling since it peaked in 2024 and 2025.
消费者信心自2024至2025年达到峰值后持续下滑。
Ukrainian drone strikes on oil refineries have pushed up petrol prices and caused shortages.
乌克兰无人机袭击炼油厂,导致汽油价格上涨和短缺。
Attacks on online retailers Wildberries and Ozon have also left many small businesses without stock or customers.
针对在线零售商Wildberries和Ozon的袭击,也让许多小企业失去库存和客户。
The Levada Center's consumer confidence index fell to 94 in the summer, down from 116 in spring and summer 2025.
列瓦达中心的消费者信心指数在夏季降至94,低于2025年春夏的116。
Growth has also slowed from its peak of over 4% in 2023 and 2024.
增长也从2023至2024年超过4%的峰值放缓。
The government expects growth of 0.6% this year.
政府预计今年增长0.6%。
Budget pressure is a key signal.
预算压力是关键信号。
By the end of July, the deficit was 2.8% of yearly economic output. That is almost twice the original target.
截至7月底,赤字占年度经济产出的2.8%,几乎是原定目标的两倍。
The Reserve Fund's available resources fell to 1.6% of GDP.
储备基金可用资源降至GDP的1.6%。
The Kremlin needs to borrow from domestic banks. Russian bond interest rates are as high as 17%.
克里姆林宫需要向国内银行借款,而俄罗斯债券利率高达17%。
Putin has raised value-added tax and other fees. He has also tightened taxes on small businesses.
普京已提高增值税和其他费用,并收紧对小企业的征税。
Kluge, an expert at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, wrote that budget pressure has deepened people's doubts.
德国国际与安全事务研究所专家克卢格写道,预算压力加剧了人们的怀疑。
People are starting to wonder how much longer Russia can sustain this war.
人们开始怀疑俄罗斯还能维持这场战争多久。
Weafer from the consulting firm Macro-Advisory described the economy as "tolerably stable."
咨询公司Macro-Advisory的威弗将经济描述为“尚可忍受的稳定”。
Public mood is one of complaint, but not protest.
公众情绪是抱怨,但并非抗议。
Becker from the Stockholm School of Economics called the current path "unsustainable."
斯德哥尔摩经济学院的贝克尔认为当前轨迹“不可持续”。
But when the crisis will arrive remains highly uncertain.
但危机何时到来仍高度不确定。
Oil export revenue rebounded to $15.8 billion in June.
石油出口收入6月反弹至158亿美元。
Kremlin spokesman Peskov said macroeconomic stability is guaranteed.
克里姆林宫发言人佩斯科夫称宏观稳定有保障。
But VEB.RF chief economist Klepach warned that Russia is falling behind in technological and economic competition.
而VEB.RF首席经济学家克列帕奇警告,俄罗斯正在技术和经济竞争中落后。
He was later fired.
他随后被解雇。