For nearly seven decades, Los Angeles has perpetually found itself beneath the aerial gaze of news helicopters.
近七十载以来,洛杉矶始终处于新闻直升机凌空俯瞰的视野之中。
Whenever wildfires rage, mudslides cascade, or O.J. Simpson flees police pursuit along the freeways, an "eye in the sky" tracks the unfolding drama and alerts millions, enabling them to steer clear of danger.
每逢野火肆虐、泥石流倾泻,抑或O.J.辛普森沿高速公路逃避警方追缉之际,一架“空中之眼”便会追踪事态演变,并向数百万民众示警,使其得以远离险境。
On Tuesday, a helicopter belonging to a broadcast newsroom crashed and burst into flames during a live transmission, killing three people, at a time when journalists were just beginning to cover a collision between an SUV and a city bus.
周二,一家航空新闻编辑室的一架直升机在直播过程中坠毁并燃起大火,致使三人罹难;彼时,记者们正着手报道一起SUV与城市巴士相撞的事故。
According to NBC4 in Los Angeles, two people aboard the aircraft — Eliana Moreno and the pilot, George Marchiniff — were killed; fire officials, for their part, said that a third person, Eddie Gutierrez Mejia, died on the ground.
据洛杉矶NBC4报道,机上两人——埃利亚娜·莫雷诺与飞行员乔治·马尔奇尼夫——不幸遇难;消防官员则称,另一人埃迪·古铁雷斯·梅希亚在地面身亡。
Since 2000, at least eight fatal crashes involving news helicopters have occurred in the United States, resulting in a total of 16 deaths, and this latest accident is yet another instance in that alarming series.
自2000年以来,美国至少发生了八起涉及新闻直升机的致命坠机事件,共计造成16人死亡,而此次事故正是这一令人震惊系列中的又一例。
Moreno, widely known by the moniker "Ellie in the Helicopter," has been plying the trade of airborne journalism since 2010, thoroughly versed in an exceptionally demanding mode of reporting—one that calls not only for editing and videography skills and an intimate knowledge of the city, but also for quick-witted thinking.
莫雷诺,以“直升机上的埃利”之名为人所熟知,自2010年起便投身于空中记者这一行当,深谙一种要求极为严苛的报道形式——此种报道不仅需要剪辑与视频拍摄的功力、对城市的透彻了解,更离不开迅捷的思维反应。
"Since Sunday, I've been going nonstop for seventy-six hours, and the finish line is now in sight!" she wrote in a post published on Instagram on September 29, 2023.
“自周日以还,我已连轴转七十六小时,眼下大功行将告成!”她于2023年9月29日发布于Instagram的动态中如是写道。
"Yet I have no grounds for complaint, for I hold the most gratifying job in all the world."
“然而我无从怨天尤人,毕竟我坐拥寰宇间最称心如意的工作。”
Broadcasting the news from the air undoubtedly constitutes a public service, one that may be regarded as the direct lineal descendant of the Pony Express, the teletype, and satellite transmission.
从空中播报新闻,无疑构成了一种公共服务,堪称骑马送信、电传打字机与卫星传输的嫡系后裔。
According to its inventor — John Silva, the chief engineer at KTLA-TV when the station put the machine into service in 1958 — the "Telecopter" did indeed originate in Los Angeles, its original purpose being to reach the scene first and outflank the competition.
据其发明者——1958年KTLA-TV将这台机器投入应用时的总工程师约翰·席尔瓦所言,“Telecopter”确乎发轫于洛杉矶,其初衷在于抢先抵达现场、力压竞争对手。
Aerial news dazzled viewers — and heralded a lucrative new era for local television stations.
空中新闻令观众目眩神迷——亦昭示着地方电视台就此迈入了一个财源广进的新纪元。
In a 2002 interview with the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation, Silva recalled sitting on the freeway, deeply disheartened by reports about journalists — the kind of press coverage that fixates on which reporters are first to arrive at the scene of a major news story, thereby earning a place among the "heroes."
在2002年接受电视学院基金会采访时,席尔瓦追忆道,自己当时坐在高速公路上,因那些关于记者的报道而倍感沮丧——此类新闻界报道所聚焦的,乃是哪些记者率先抵达重大新闻现场,从而跻身“英雄”之列。
"Then it suddenly struck me: 'How on earth are we going to beat them?'" Silva recalled.
“我蓦然灵光一闪,‘我们究竟该如何克敌制胜?’”席尔瓦追忆道。
"If we could set up a mobile news unit inside a helicopter, we would rise above all of this, steal a march on everyone, sidestep the traffic jams, and reach every news scene ahead of anyone else in the race.
“倘若我们能在直升机内搭建一个新闻移动单元,便可凌驾于这一切之上,捷足先登,规避交通拥堵,赶在竞争中任何人之前抵达所有新闻现场。
What an extraordinary feat that would be.'"
那将是何等非凡之举。’”
Yet this was by no means an easy feat.
然而,这绝非易事。
The project had to be carried out under conditions of absolute secrecy: the helicopter was to be selected and modified in the vast backyard of a news executive, all the while evading the prying eyes of competitors.
该项目须在绝密状态下推进:直升机得在一名新闻高管那广袤的后院中完成甄选与改装,全程避开对手的窥探。
Silva had to find a way to compress 2,000 pounds (900 kilograms) of camera equipment into less than 400 pounds (181 kilograms).
席尔瓦须设法将2,000磅(900公斤)的摄像设备压缩至不足400磅(181公斤)。
And crucially, there was the question of how to transmit the news from the air to receiving antennas in the mountains and ultimately deliver it to millions of Los Angeles residents.
而至关紧要的是,如何将新闻自空中传输至山间的接收天线,并最终送达数百万洛杉矶民众。
According to an interview published in a 2009 issue of Smithsonian Magazine, during one of the test flights, Silva is said to have slowly clambered, without a safety harness, onto the helicopter's right-side skid in order to determine what was causing the violent shaking in the cockpit.
据2009年《史密森尼杂志》的一篇访谈所述,在测试期间的一次升空中,席尔瓦据称在未系安全带的情况下,缓缓攀爬至直升机右侧滑橇之上,以查明究竟是什么致使驾驶舱发生剧烈震动。
At 6:30 p.m. on July 24, 1958, KTLA interrupted its regular programming to broadcast what could be seen from above the City of Angels.
1958年7月24日傍晚6时30分,KTLA中断常规节目编排,转播自天使之城上空俯瞰之所见。
According to the magazine, the station reaped record advertising revenue as a result, with Procter & Gamble spending $250,000 to sponsor the "Telecopter" coverage.
据该杂志报道,该台由此斩获创纪录的广告营收,宝洁公司斥资25万美元赞助“Telecopter”报道。
"It expanded the operational frontiers of journalism, much as the live ground camera had done," Stan Chambers, a news reporter then working for KTLA, told the same foundation.
“它拓展了新闻业的行动疆界,恰如地面上的直播摄像机那般,”彼时供职于KTLA的新闻记者斯坦·钱伯斯对同一基金会如是说。
He asserted that, prior to this, "television news had been of negligible consequence to many decision-makers.
他声称,在此之前,“电视新闻对诸多决策者而言无足轻重。
Afterwards, however, the helicopter veritably bewitched everyone."
而后,直升机确乎令所有人神魂颠倒。”
Airborne news brought a punctuation mark to an era of television journalism that was dizzyingly dazzling and increasingly fixated on live, real-time coverage.
空中新闻为电视新闻业一个令人眼花缭乱、日益执着于直播与实时报道的时代画上了标点。
Americans had been utterly absorbed by the coverage of the 1992 Los Angeles riots, and, two years later, by the two-hour-long police pursuit of O.J. Simpson in a white Ford Bronco.
美国人曾全神贯注于1992年洛杉矶骚乱的报道,以及两年后对O.J.辛普森白色福特Bronco长达两小时的警方追捕。
Together, these two episodes went a considerable way toward confirming the allure of live, aerial crisis reporting.
这两起事件共同在很大程度上印证了空中直播危机报道的吸引力。
In 1977, a KNBC news helicopter crashed en route back to the station after covering the Santa Barbara wildfires, running out of fuel and killing both the pilot and the cameraman.
1977年,一架KNBC新闻直升机在完成圣巴巴拉野火报道后返抵电视台途中,因燃料耗尽而坠毁,飞行员与摄像师双双罹难。
Nine years later, a helicopter on a live morning-rush-hour assignment for a New York City radio traffic reporter plunged into the Hudson River, killing the reporter and leaving the pilot gravely injured.
九载之后,一架为纽约市广播电台交通记者执行早高峰直播飞行任务的直升机坠入哈德逊河,致使该记者丧生,飞行员身受重伤。
That reporter was Jane Dornacker of WNBC radio; as the helicopter went down, she could be heard screaming, "Hit the water!"
这位记者便是WNBC电台的简·多纳克;直升机坠落之际,可以听到她尖叫道:“撞到水了!”
In 2007, two news helicopters collided in midair and crashed while providing live television coverage of a police pursuit, killing all four people on board and leaving viewers with nothing but a chaotic blur of spinning, fragmenting images.
2007年,两架新闻直升机在对警方追捕行动进行电视实况报道之际凌空相撞并坠毁,机上四人悉数罹难,观众目睹的唯有旋转、碎裂画面交织而成的混沌景象。
The National Transportation Safety Board determined that the cause of the crash lay in the distraction of the two pilot-reporters, whose attention had been diverted by the ground pursuit.
美国国家运输安全委员会认定,此次坠机事故的肇因在于两名兼事记者的飞行员因地面追捕行动而注意力分散。
As a veteran journalist with more than two decades of experience, Tami Ross was working for KPNX in Phoenix at the time of the 2007 collision between two television helicopters, and had herself lived through a number of harrowing incidents over the course of her career.
身为一名拥有逾二十载从业资历的资深记者,塔米·罗斯于2007年两架电视直升机相撞之际正供职于凤凰城的KPNX,其间亦曾亲历若干惊险事件。
Yet in an interview on Wednesday, she said that both reporters and pilots adhere to stringent protocols in order to keep risks in check.
然而,她在周三接受采访时表示,记者与飞行员均遵循严格规程以管控风险。
Following the Phoenix crash, five local news stations reached a consensus and decided to share a single news helicopter.
凤凰城坠机事件发生后,当地五家新闻台达成共识,决定共用同一架新闻直升机。
Helicopters Inc., the Houston-based company she works for, meanwhile expects its pilots to maintain an altitude above 500 feet so that, should an emergency such as an engine failure arise, there remains ample altitude to respond.
而她在休斯顿供职的Helicopters Inc.则希望其飞行员将飞行高度维持在500英尺以上,以便一旦遭遇发动机故障等突发状况,仍有充足高度可供应对。
"A news helicopter is far more than just a flying camera," said Ross, who now reports for ABC-13 in Houston, adding that it is precisely this passion that drives her to keep soaring through the skies.
“新闻直升机远非仅仅是一台飞行摄像机,”现为休斯顿ABC-13进行报道的罗斯如是说道,并称正是这份热忱驱使她持续翱翔于天际。
"As an airborne reporter, I am afforded a far broader perspective, remain in contact with the newsroom, gather information from all sides, and deliver live coverage as events unfold."
“身为机上记者,我得以洞见更为宏阔的图景,与新闻编辑室保持联络,汇集各方信息,并在事件演进之际进行实时直播报道。”
NBC4 disclosed on Wednesday that Moreno and Marchini have been dubbed the "eyes and ears in the sky" for two newsrooms — NBCLA and Telemundo 52 — and that since teaming up in 2023, the pair have logged hundreds of hours flying together.
NBC4于周三披露,莫雷诺与马尔奇尼夫被冠以两家新闻编辑室——NBCLA与Telemundo 52——的“空中眼睛和耳朵”之名,自2023年携手以来,二人累计共同飞行达数百小时之久。
According to NBC4, Marchini is believed to possess more than three decades of flying experience and is held in high esteem within the industry.
据NBC4报道,马尔奇尼夫据信坐拥逾30载飞行资历,且在业内备受尊崇。
Moreno is awestruck by the sheer breadth of subject matter this team is capable of handling — and besides, she appears to be capable of just about anything except flying a helicopter.
莫雷诺对这个团队所能驾驭的题材之广博心怀敬畏——况且她似乎除了驾驶直升机之外无所不能。
"I'm not merely a photographer, a journalist, or an editor — in essence, I'm all three at once," she candidly confided to her alma mater, Chapman University.
“我并非仅仅是摄影师、记者或编辑,我实质上身兼三职,”她向自己的母校查普曼大学如此坦言。
In a social media post published via Whiteman Airport on July 31, she stated that while any kind of breaking news is worth covering, the brush fires ravaging Southern California are of particularly critical importance.
在7月31日经由怀特曼机场发布的一则社交媒体帖文中,她表示,任何类型的突发新闻皆具备报道价值,然而肆虐南加州的灌木丛火灾尤为至关紧要。
"This truly ranks among the best news subjects to cover from a helicopter, inasmuch as a helicopter can visually convey where the fire started, where it is spreading, and which homes are under threat."
“这着实堪称从直升机上进行报道的最佳新闻题材之一,盖因直升机能够直观呈现火势的起始之处、蔓延所向,以及哪些房屋正面临威胁。”