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Two American economists win the Nobel Prize for research on economic shock management

Two American economists win the Nobel Prize for research on economic shock management

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October 12th, 2026

Two American economists win the Nobel Prize for research on economic shock management

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Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

American economists Robert E. Hall and Michael Woodford were awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences on Monday in recognition of their research: a set of models designed to help governments and central banks contend with economic shocks such as energy crises and inflation.

美国经济学家罗伯特·E·霍尔与迈克尔·伍德福德于周一荣膺诺贝尔经济学纪念奖,以表彰其研究成果——一套旨在助力政府及央行应对能源危机与通货膨胀等经济冲击的模型。

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences unveiled the laureates in Stockholm, noting that their research laid the theoretical groundwork for a deeper understanding of how consumers choose between saving and spending; these insights have enabled policymakers worldwide to stabilize economies with greater composure in the aftermath of economic fluctuations.

瑞典皇家科学院于斯德哥尔摩揭晓了桂冠得主,并指出其研究为更深入地理解消费者在储蓄与消费之间如何抉择奠定了理论基础;这些洞见使全球政策制定者得以在經濟波動之後更从容地稳定经济。

"The laureates' research has opened up the possibility of navigating major macroeconomic crises with greater efficiency than ever before," the Nobel Committee wrote in the document explaining the two economists' findings.

“获奖者的研究为以超越既往的效率驾驭重大宏观经济危机开辟了可能,”诺贝尔委员会在阐释这两位经济学家研究成果的文件中如是写道。

"This has demonstrated considerable benefits both during the pandemic and in the energy crises of recent years."

“这在疫情期间以及近年来的能源危机中均彰显出可观的裨益。”

Hall, now 83 years old, is affiliated with Stanford University in California, while Woodford—born in 1955—is affiliated with Columbia University in New York.

现年83岁的霍尔,其所属机构为加利福尼亚州斯坦福大学;而伍德福德——生于1955年——则隶属于纽约哥伦比亚大学。

Speaking to the committee by telephone from New York, Woodford said: "This is an immense honour. It came as a complete surprise."

伍德福德在纽约通过电话向委员会表示:“此乃莫大的殊荣。实属意外之喜。”

Hall likewise remarked that the award was nothing short of a "wonderful surprise."

霍尔亦表示,该奖项不啻为一份“美妙的惊喜”。

"My entire career has been devoted to unraveling the workings of the economy, pursuing those fascinating questions wherever they may lead.

“我毕生职业生涯皆致力于索解经济运行的机理,追循那些引人入胜的问题,无论它们将引向何方。

Whenever I fancy that a new idea has taken root, the next step is to ascertain whether it is genuinely new, whether it is indeed sound, and whether it truly matters," he said in a statement issued by Stanford University.

每当我自忖萌生了一个新的想法,接下来的步骤便是厘清它究竟是否确为新的,是否确然无误,以及是否举足轻重,”他在斯坦福大学发布的一份声明中如是说。

For decades, governments have consistently adhered to the prescription formulated by the British economist John Maynard Keynes during the Great Depression as a means of responding to economic shocks: intervening in the economy by lowering interest rates and taxes and expanding government spending, thereby incentivizing consumers and businesses to spend and invest, and helping to reignite growth.

数十载以来,各国政府始终因循英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯于大萧条时期所开出的处方,以应对经济冲击:藉由下调利率与税负、扩张政府开支以干预经济,进而激励消费者与企业进行消费与投资,助力重启增长。

"This is the Keynesian recipe, and it works remarkably well—until it ceases to work," said Timo Boppart of the Nobel Prize Committee for Economics.

“此乃凯恩斯主义之配方,其运作堪称卓有成效——直至其不复奏效为止,”诺贝尔经济学委员会的蒂莫·博帕特如是说。

Policymakers once firmly believed that economic management amounted to nothing more than a straightforward trade-off—for instance, that during periods of high inflation the unemployment rate was bound to remain low, whereas once inflation subsided, unemployment would rise accordingly.

政策制定者曾笃信,经济管理无非是简单的权衡取舍——譬如,高通胀时期失业率势必维持在低位,而一旦通胀回落,失业率则随之攀升。

Yet the "stagflation" of the 1970s—a predicament in which the world economy was simultaneously beset by high inflation and high unemployment—has already falsified this formula, laying bare its excessively simplistic nature.

然而,1970年代的“滞胀”——世界经济同时遭遇高通胀与高失业的双重困境——已然证伪了这一公式,揭示出其过度简化的本质。

Some economists assert that government intervention in the economy will ultimately prove futile.

部分经济学家断言,政府对经济的干预举措终将徒劳无功。

However, Hall and Woodford each made scholarly contributions, setting out to refine the Keynesian model so as to incorporate the dimension of how consumers and firms actually make decisions about investment and consumption.

然而,霍尔与伍德福德各自作出了学术贡献,着手对凯恩斯模型加以改良,以期将消费者与企业实际上如何就投资与消费作出决策这一维度纳入其中。

"Economic outcomes are the product of millions of decisions made by households and firms at the micro level," the Nobel Committee wrote.

“经济结果乃是家庭与企业于微观层面所做出的数百万项决策的产物,”诺贝尔委员会写道。

"Hall and Woodford's research employs models grounded in this approach, rather than simply surveying the economy from a macro perspective as if from a bird's-eye view, thereby 'triggering a paradigm shift in the theory of stabilization policy.'"

“霍尔与伍德福德的研究采用基于这一方法的模型,而非如鸟瞰般简单地从宏观视角审视经济,从而‘在稳定政策理论中引发了范式转变。’”

Hall examined how consumers' decisions about whether and how much to consume depend on their expectations of future income.

霍尔考察了消费者关于是否消费以及消费多少的决策,如何取决于其对未来收入的预期。

"If they are optimistic, their spending will be more abundant than when they are pessimistic," the committee wrote.

“倘若他们持乐观态度,其消费将较悲观时更为殷盛,”委员会如是写道。

Yet consumer expectations may shift abruptly as new economic information comes to light.

然而,消费者预期或会随着经济新信息的涌现而骤然生变。

Hall found that predicting future consumer spending was tantamount to climbing a tree in search of fish.

霍尔发现,欲预测未来消费者支出,几近于缘木求鱼。

The assertion that consumption is fundamentally unpredictable "is not good news either for forecasters or for policymakers," Olivier Blanchard, who served as chief economist of the International Monetary Fund during the 2008 financial crisis, said in an email.

消费在根本上不可预测这一论断“对预测者抑或政策制定者而言均非佳音,”曾于2008年金融危机期间出任国际货币基金组织首席经济学家的奥利维尔·布兰查德在电子邮件中如是表示。

"But it is a message they have to take into account when they look at how well policies are working."

“然而,这是他们在审视政策成效时所不得不纳入考量的讯息。”

Hall also explored the argument that some households are in such dire financial straits that they can neither borrow nor draw on savings to cushion themselves against economic fluctuations.

霍尔亦曾探究过这样一种论点:部分家庭的财务状况窘迫至极,以致其既无从借助借贷,亦无法动用储蓄来应对经济波动。

In a 1982 paper co-authored with the economist Frederic Mishkin, Hall found that roughly 80 percent of households base their spending decisions on expectations about the future, "while the remaining households merely scrape by," the committee wrote.

在1982年与经济学家弗雷德里克·米什金合著的一篇论文中,霍尔发现,约80%的家庭系依据对未来的预期来做出支出决策,“而其余家庭则勉强度日,”委员会写道。

"The research honored by this prize has advanced our understanding of macroeconomics from the bottom up, through the lens of how households and firms make forward-looking decisions over time," the MIT economist Ivan Werning said in an email.

“该奖项所表彰的研究,乃是从家庭与企业于时间推移中前瞻性决策这一视角出发,自下而上地推进了我们对宏观经济学的理解,”麻省理工学院经济学家伊万·韦尔宁在电子邮件中如是说。

Woodford's research established that firms make their pricing decisions on the basis of their assessment of the future trajectory of interest rates.

伍德福德的研究确立了:企业乃依据其对未来利率走向的研判而做出定价决策。

"If a firm anticipates that both its competitors' prices and its own costs will rise, then setting a higher price is the preferable course, as compared with the opposite expectation," the Nobel Committee wrote.

“倘若企业预期其竞争对手之价格与自身成本俱将攀升,则相较于相反预期情形,厘定更高价位乃为上策,”诺贝尔委员会如是写道。

"Seen in this light, a firm's decisions are likewise governed by its expectations."

“由是观之,企业之决策亦为其预期所左右。”

For this reason, central banks that set short-term interest rates—such as the US Federal Reserve—ought to furnish "clear and credible communication regarding the logic of their reasoning and the intent behind their actions."

职是之故,设定短期利率的央行——如美国联邦储备委员会——理应奉上“关于其推理逻辑与行动意图的清晰可信的沟通”。

In response to this insight, central banks have reacted by making a more concerted effort to elucidate their own measures.

面对这一洞见,央行已然以更着力阐释自身举措的方式作出了回应。

Kevin Warsh, the newly appointed Chair of the Federal Reserve, has observed that this propensity toward "forward guidance" has overstepped its proper bounds.

新任美联储主席凯文·沃什曾指出,这种“前瞻性指引”的倾向已然逾越了应有的界限。

He is now striving to rein in the external communication the US central bank undertakes regarding its thinking and intentions.

他正力图收敛美国央行就其思路与意图所作的对外沟通。

Woodford's research also offers guidance for how central banks should respond to energy-price shocks—such as the one that emerged after the US and Israeli strikes on Iran in February—which can both push up inflation and worsen unemployment.

伍德福德的研究亦为央行应对能源价格冲击——诸如2月美以袭击伊朗后所浮现者——提供了指引,此类冲击既可能推升通胀,亦可能加剧失业。

"Standing in stark contrast to the traditional Keynesian paradigm, the model constructed by Woodford advocates resorting to cooling measures—such as raising interest rates—in order to avert runaway inflation," the Nobel Committee wrote.

“迥异于传统的凯恩斯主义范式,伍德福德所构建的模型主张诉诸降温举措——诸如上调利率——以规避通胀的失控,”诺贝尔委员会如是写道。

"His insights have made it possible for the responses to recent supply shocks to be more effective than those during the oil crisis of the 1970s."

“其洞见使得针对近期供给冲击的应对之策,较之1970年代石油危机期间更为行之有效成为可能。”

In a recorded telephone conversation played at the press conference, Woodford remarked that his work had brought to the fore "an understanding of the people in markets and those who make spending decisions."

在新闻发布会上所播放的一段电话通话录音中,伍德福德表示,其工作凸显了“对市场中的人以及做出支出决策的人的理解。”

The official designation of the economics prize is the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel."

该经济学奖的正式名称为“瑞典中央银行纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔经济学奖”。

The award was established by the central bank in 1968 to commemorate Nobel—a 19th-century Swedish businessman and chemist who not only invented dynamite but also instituted the five Nobel Prizes.

此奖项系该央行于1968年设立,旨在纪念诺贝尔——这位19世纪瑞典商人与化学家不仅发明了炸药,更创设了五项诺贝尔奖。

Nobel purists never tire of stressing that the economics prize does not, strictly speaking, fall within the category of the Nobel Prizes; yet it is invariably awarded alongside the others on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death in 1896.

诺贝尔奖纯粹主义者不厌其烦地强调,经济学奖在严格意义上并不属于诺贝尔奖的范畴,然而它却始终于12月10日——即诺贝尔1896年逝世的纪念日——与其他奖项一并颁发。

Last week, the Nobel Prizes for Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, and Peace were announced in succession.

上周,诺贝尔奖相继揭晓了医学、物理学、化学、文学及和平奖诸奖项。

The award conferred on Monday marked the second occasion this year on which a Stanford University professor has been honoured with a Nobel Prize.

周一所颁发的奖项,标志着今年斯坦福大学教授第二次荣膺诺贝尔奖。

Dr. Karl Deisseroth, together with Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel, shared the prize in medicine, their research having given rise to a tool that harnesses light to help illuminate the workings of the brain.

卡尔·戴斯罗思博士与彼得·黑格曼及格奥尔格·纳格尔共同摘得医学奖,其研究催生了一项借助光来助力揭示大脑运作机制的工具。

This year, the total prize sum amounts to 12 million Swedish kronor (approximately 1.2 million US dollars), and the recipients are by no means restricted in form, being either individuals, small groups, or organizations.

本年度奖金总额为1200万瑞典克朗(约合120万美元),其授予对象不拘一格,既可为个人,亦可为小规模团体,抑或组织机构。

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