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The Fed's Rate Hike: Reasons and Implications

The Fed's Rate Hike: Reasons and Implications

C1๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

September 17th, 2026

The Fed's Rate Hike: Reasons and Implications

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

About six weeks ago, Kevin Warsh, the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, announced that the divided central bank would hold its benchmark interest rate steady.

์•ฝ 6์ฃผ ์ „, ์ผ€๋นˆ ์›Œ์‹œ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค€๋น„์ œ๋„ ์˜์žฅ์€ ๋ถ„์—ด๋œ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

On Wednesday, however, the Fed's rate-setting committee unanimously agreed to raise rates, and nearly all policymakers indicated that a second increase later this year would be appropriate.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ, ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์— ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

If that is the case, then what on earth has actually changed?

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹จ ๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€?

In short, renewed fighting in the Middle East has driven gasoline prices back up.

๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด, ์ค‘๋™์—์„œ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋œ ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค.

And there are signs that the economy is still growing at a healthy pace, even as inflation remains stubbornly high.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์™„๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

All three of these factors appear to have pushed the committee out of its wait-and-see mode and into decisive action.

์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ง ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

However, the Fed's action does not necessarily mean that Americans will have to pay considerably more for mortgages or other loans in the short term.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

This is because financial markets appear to have been reassured by the Fed's determination to fight inflation.

๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์˜์ง€์— ์•ˆ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

On Thursday, the yield on 10-year Treasury notes actually fell slightly, which appears to be a sign that inflation concerns among investors have eased.

๋ชฉ์š”์ผ์—๋Š” 10๋…„๋ฌผ ๊ตญ์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์†Œํญ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

The Fed's rate hike "alleviates concerns that the Fed is taking entrenched inflation seriously," remarked Oscar Munoz, head of U.S. economic research at TD Securities.

์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์€ "์—ฐ์ค€์ด ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ค€๋‹ค"๊ณ  TD ์ฆ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ ์˜ค์Šค์นด ๋ฌด๋‡จ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"And it demonstrates that they are prepared to take action โ€” that they actually follow through with deeds rather than mere words."

"๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋‚˜์„ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ฎ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค."

The Fed raises the short-term interest rate it controls in order to slow down borrowing and spending and, ideally, to cool inflation.

์—ฐ์ค€์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๋‘”ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

The Fed's rate can influence long-term costs such as mortgage rates, but the Fed does not directly control them.

์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋น„์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ์ค€์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

For several months, Federal Reserve officials have been examining whether the rise in oil and gasoline prices caused by the war with Iran would have only a temporary impact on inflation.

์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์ค€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ž€ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ ๊ฐ€์™€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋งŒ์„ ์ค„ ๋ฟ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.

If that were the case, raising interest rates might not be a sensible move.

๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

This is because, by the time higher borrowing costs begin to slow the economy, the gasoline price shock could be over and inflation could naturally return to the Fed's 2% target.

๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘”ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋ฌด๋ ต์—๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ 2% ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

However, as the war with Iran now enters its seventh month, Fed officials no longer expect it to amount to nothing more than a temporary shock.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ž€ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ด์ œ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๋‹ฌ์งธ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ, ์—ฐ์ค€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

In the Fed's previous meeting on July 29, the statement said that inflation was remaining elevated, "partly reflecting supply shocks that have driven price increases in certain sectors, including energy."

7์›” 29์ผ ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์ด์ „ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด "์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ" ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

However, Wednesday's latest statement removed that reference to supply shocks and instead noted that consumer and business spending had "shown resilience."

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์˜ ์ตœ์‹  ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์–ธ๊ธ‰์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€์‹  ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์ถœ์ด "ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Moreover, at a press conference on Wednesday afternoon, Warsh stated, "Our assessment of the geopolitical situation has changed."

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ๊ธฐ์žํšŒ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” "์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์–ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, gasoline prices have continued to show a steady upward trend, reaching $4.44 per gallon as of Thursday according to AAA, which represents an increase of 38 cents compared with a month earlier.

ํ•œํŽธ, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ AAA์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ๋‹น 4.44๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ „ ๋Œ€๋น„ 38์„ผํŠธ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ด๋‹ค.

Diesel prices likewise hit a record high of $6.40 per gallon, and this is expected to drive up transportation costs for a wide range of goods.

๋””์ ค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ๋‹น 6.40๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์‹ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šด์†ก ๋น„์šฉ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค.

Whenever the Fed raises interest rates, concerns arise that the increased borrowing costs will ultimately place an excessive burden on the economy and bring about a recession.

์—ฐ์ค€์ด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ง€์›Œ ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

However, Warsh emphasized that despite repeated blows from high gasoline prices, tariffs, and elevated interest rates, the economy has remained healthy and continued to grow.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๊ด€์„ธ, ๊ณ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Warsh said, "Our decision was made at a time when the US economy appears to be strengthening."

์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"New hiring, private-sector earnings, and corporate capital investment โ€” each of these indicators has improved over recent months and is pointing in a favorable direction."

"์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์ต, ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž๋ณธ ํˆฌ์ž โ€” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค."

He added, "Given the landscape of geopolitical shocks and uncertainty, we will begin to understand the resilience of the American economy."

"์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.

Although the economy may be showing signs of acceleration, stubborn inflation has been eroding Americans' real incomes.

๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์™„๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ ์†Œ๋“์„ ์ž ์‹ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.

For five consecutive months now, inflation has been rising faster than average incomes on an annual basis, making it harder for Americans to afford essentials such as gasoline, food, and rent.

์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์ด์ œ 5๊ฐœ์›” ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ , ์‹ํ’ˆ, ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Warsh stated that "those who are worst off" would "benefit the most" from steady growth and stable prices.

์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” "๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜•ํŽธ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค"์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ "๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Warsh said that if the Fed can bring inflation down to its 2% target, Americans "can keep their heads above water when they receive their wages and achieve genuine real income growth."

์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์ค€์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ 2% ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด "์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ, ๋ฌผ ์œ„๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์‹ค์งˆ ์†Œ๋“ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

On Wednesday night, President Donald Trump resumed his criticism of the Federal Reserve and demanded much lower interest rates, but he did not attack Warsh, whom he had appointed as chairman earlier this year.

๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ๋ฐค ์—ฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์˜์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•œ ์›Œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

This marks a significant shift compared with Warsh's predecessor, Jerome Powell, who endured repeated personal attacks from Trump and later became the target of a criminal investigation that was subsequently dropped.

์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ์ทจํ•˜๋œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์›Œ์‹œ์˜ ์ „์ž„์ž ์ œ๋กฌ ํŒŒ์›”๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‹ค.

"The board is extremely hostile and displays a highly political disposition.

"์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋ ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

They are doing the wrong thing and are, in reality, nothing more than a group of politicians," Trump said, singling out the twelve Federal Reserve officials who sit on the central bank's rate-setting committee.

๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ผ์„ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ƒ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ์†Œ์†๋œ 12๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์ค€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋ชฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"They are raising rates in order to push Trump into the worst possible situation."

"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."

However, economists counter that Trump's criticism is unjustified.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์ด ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•œ๋‹ค.

They point out that, beyond the Fed, a range of factors have driven the sharp surge in long-term interest rates over the past two months.

๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์ค€ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

For instance, the yield on 10-year Treasury notes, which exerts a profound influence on mortgage rates, surpassed 5% this week for the first time since 2023.

์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ 10๋…„๋ฌผ ๊ตญ์ฑ„ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์— ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ 2023๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ 5%๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, the weekly average rate on 30-year fixed mortgages has soared to nearly 7%, its highest level in 19 months.

ํ•œํŽธ 30๋…„ ๊ณ ์ • ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 19๊ฐœ์›” ๋งŒ์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜์ธ 7%์— ์œก๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ์น˜์†Ÿ์•˜๋‹ค.

Wall Street investors are demanding higher yields as compensation for holding bonds, partly because inflation continues to run high.

์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ ๊ณตํ–‰์ง„์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ ๋ณด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Investors need higher interest rates to offset the impact of rising prices.

ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

As investment in AI data centers surged, borrowing costs rose as major tech companies issued hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of bonds to finance construction.

AI ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด์„ค ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

The flood of bonds also acted as a factor driving interest rates higher.

์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Warsh also pointed to stronger economic growth, which typically drives interest rates higher, as more companies borrow to expand in the expectation of earning higher returns on new projects.

์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์‹ ๊ทœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์ž…์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

However, Warsh did not mention another driving force behind rising interest rates that many economists point to.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์Šน์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

Namely, it is the US government debt, which has recently surpassed 40 trillion dollars and has been accumulating at a high level, having surged under Trump.

์ฆ‰, ์ตœ๊ทผ 40์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ๊ณ  ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ, ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋‹ค.

He also did not mention tariffs, which his predecessor Powell frequently emphasized.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ „์ž„์ž์ธ ํŒŒ์›”์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ด€์„ธ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

September 17th, 2026

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