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The Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Hike: Background and Implications

The Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Hike: Background and Implications

C2๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

September 17th, 2026

The Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Hike: Background and Implications

C2
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

Roughly six weeks ago, Kevin Warsh, the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, announced that a divided central bank would hold its benchmark interest rate steady.

์•ฝ 6์ฃผ ์ „, ์ผ€๋นˆ ์›Œ์‹œ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค€๋น„์ œ๋„ ์˜์žฅ์€ ๋ถ„์—ด๋œ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋™๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

On Wednesday, however, the Fed's rate-setting committee unanimously agreed to raise rates, and nearly all policymakers indicated that a second increase by the end of the year would be appropriate.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ, ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์— ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธˆ๋…„ ๋ง ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

If that is the case, then what on earth has changed?

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?

In brief, renewed hostilities in the Middle East have once again driven up gasoline prices.

๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ค‘๋™์—์„œ ์žฌ์ ํ™”๋œ ๊ต์ „์ด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค.

And there are signs that the economy is still growing at a robust pace even as inflation stubbornly continues its upward march.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์™„๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ณต ํ–‰์ง„์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์™€์ค‘์—๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฒฌ์กฐํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ฐฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

These three factors collectively appear to have pushed the committee from a wait-and-see stance into decisive action.

์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ง ๋ชจ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

However, the Fed's action does not necessarily imply that Americans will, in the short term, end up paying considerably more for mortgages and other loans.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋‚˜ ์—ฌํƒ€ ๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•จ์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

This is because financial markets appear to have taken comfort in the Fed's resolve to combat inflation.

๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์˜์ง€์— ์•ˆ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

On Thursday, the yield on 10-year Treasuries actually edged lower, which is seen as a signal suggesting that inflation concerns among investors have eased.

๋ชฉ์š”์ผ์—๋Š” 10๋…„๋ฌผ ๊ตญ์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์†Œํญ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์™„ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋น„์ถฐ์ง„๋‹ค.

The Fed's rate hike "alleviates concerns that the Fed is taking entrenched inflation seriously," asserted Oscar Munoz, head of U.S. economic research at TD Securities.

์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์€ "์—ฐ์ค€์ด ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ค€๋‹ค"๊ณ  TD ์ฆ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ ์˜ค์Šค์นด ๋ฌด๋‡จ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"And it demonstrates that they are prepared to act โ€” that they actually follow through with deeds, not merely words."

"๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋‚˜์„ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„, ์ฆ‰ ์–ธ์‚ฌ์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ฎ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค."

The Fed raises the short-term interest rate it controls in order to dampen borrowing and spending and, ideally, to bring inflation to heel.

์—ฐ์ค€์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๋‘”ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

The Fed's rate can influence longer-term costs such as mortgage rates, yet the Fed does not directly control these.

์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋น„์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ์ค€์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

For several months, Federal Reserve officials have been deliberating over whether the elevated oil and gasoline prices triggered by the war with Iran would inflict nothing more than a transient shock on inflation.

์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›”์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์—ฐ์ค€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ž€ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ€์™€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ฟ์ธ์ง€ ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.

If that were indeed the case, a rate hike might prove difficult to justify: by the time higher borrowing costs began to weigh on the economy, the gasoline price shock would likely have subsided and inflation would plausibly converge on the Fed's 2 percent target of its own accord.

๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค: ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘”ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋ฌด๋ ต์—๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ง„์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ 2% ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋กœ ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

However, as the war with Iran now enters its seventh month, Federal Reserve officials no longer expect it to amount to nothing more than a transient shock.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ž€ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์ด์ œ 7๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ, ์—ฐ์ค€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

At the Fed's previous meeting on July 29, the statement noted that inflation was elevated, "partly reflecting supply shocks that have driven price increases in certain sectors, including energy."

7์›” 29์ผ ์—ฐ์ค€์˜ ์ด์ „ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด "์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ" ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

However, Wednesday's latest statement omitted that reference to supply shocks, while noting that consumer and business spending had "shown resilience."

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ์˜ ์ตœ์‹  ์„ฑ๋ช…์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์–ธ๊ธ‰์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์ถœ์ด "ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

And at a press conference on Wednesday afternoon, Warsh said, "Our assessment of the geopolitical situation has changed."

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ๊ธฐ์žํšŒ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” "์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, as gasoline prices continued their sustained, steady climb, they reached $4.44 per gallon on Thursday according to AAA's tally, a figure that represents a 38-cent increase from a month earlier.

ํ•œํŽธ, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์ƒ์Šน์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ AAA์˜ ์ง‘๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ๋‹น 4.44๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ”, ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ „ ๋Œ€๋น„ 38์„ผํŠธ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ด๋‹ค.

The price of diesel set a record high at $6.40 per gallon, a development that is expected to drive up shipping costs for a wide array of goods.

๋””์ ค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ๋‹น 6.40๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์‹ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šด์†ก ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค.

Whenever the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, concerns are raised that the elevated borrowing costs will ultimately place an excessive burden on the economy and precipitate a recession.

์—ฐ์ค€์ด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์ƒ์Šน๋œ ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ง€์›Œ ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

However, Warsh emphasized that, notwithstanding repeated shocks from elevated gasoline prices, tariffs, and high interest rates, the economy has remained robust and continued to grow.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๊ด€์„ธ, ๊ณ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"Our decision was made at a juncture when the American economy appears to be strengthening," Warsh remarked.

"์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"New hiring, private-sector earnings, corporate capital investment โ€” each of these indicators has improved over recent months, pointing in a favorable direction."

"์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ณ ์šฉ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์ต, ๊ธฐ์—… ์ž๋ณธ ํˆฌ์ž โ€” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค."

"Only when one takes into account the geopolitical shocks and the terrain of uncertainty will one begin to grasp the resilience of the American economy," he added.

"์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถ€์—ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Notwithstanding the economy's potential signs of acceleration, stubborn inflation has been eroding Americans' real incomes.

๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์™„๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ ์†Œ๋“์„ ์ž ์‹ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค.

For five consecutive months now, inflation has been rising faster than average earnings on an annual basis, rendering it increasingly difficult for Americans to afford essentials such as gasoline, food, and rent.

์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์ด์ œ 5๊ฐœ์›” ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ , ์‹ํ’ˆ, ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Warsh asserted that "those who are worst off" would "stand to gain the most" from steady growth and stable prices.

์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” "๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜•ํŽธ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค"์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ "๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ธ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Warsh asserted that if the Fed can bring inflation down to its 2% target, Americans "will be able to keep their heads above water by the time they collect their wages and achieve genuine real income gains."

์›Œ์‹œ๋Š”, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฐ์ค€์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ 2% ๋ชฉํ‘œ์น˜๋กœ ๊ฒฌ์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ "์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ นํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์— ๋ฌผ ์œ„๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์‹ค์งˆ ์†Œ๋“ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ธ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

On Wednesday night, President Donald Trump resumed his criticism of the Federal Reserve and demanded even lower interest rates, yet he refrained from launching any attacks aimed at Warsh, whom he had nominated as chair earlier this year.

๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ๋ฐค ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค€๋น„์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ธˆ๋…„ ์ดˆ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์˜์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ช…ํ•œ ์›Œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์€ ์ž์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

This marks a striking departure from the treatment of Warsh's predecessor, Jerome Powell, who found himself the target of repeated personal attacks from Trump and, subsequently, of a criminal investigation that was later dropped.

์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ๋œ ์ธ์‹ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ดํ›„ ์ทจํ•˜๋œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์›Œ์‹œ์˜ ์ „์ž„์ž ์ œ๋กฌ ํŒŒ์›”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€๋Š” ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

"The board is extremely hostile, and utterly political.

"์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์ •์น˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.

They are doing the wrong thing.

๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ผ์„ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

They are nothing more than a bunch of politicians," Trump declared, referring to the twelve Fed officials who sit on the central bank's rate-setting committee.

๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์น˜์ธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ์†Œ์†๋œ 12๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์ค€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ธ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"They are raising rates in order to put Trump in the worst possible situation."

"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค."

However, economists contend that Trump's criticism is misguided, pointing out that a confluence of factorsโ€”beyond the Fedโ€”has driven the sharp surge in long-term interest rates over the past two months.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ์ค€ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์ธ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

For instance, the yield on the 10-year Treasury note, which exerts a profound influence on mortgage rates, surpassed 5% this week for the first time since 2023.

์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ 10๋…„๋ฌผ ๊ตญ์ฑ„ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์— ์ง€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ 2023๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ 5%๋ฅผ ์ƒํšŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, the average weekly rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage has climbed to near 7%, its highest level in 19 months.

ํ•œํŽธ 30๋…„ ๊ณ ์ • ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 19๊ฐœ์›” ๋งŒ์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜์ธ 7%์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Wall Street investors are demanding higher yields as compensation for holding bonds โ€” owing, in part, to the fact that inflation continues to run rampant.

์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ โ€” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ ๊ณตํ–‰์ง„์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ โ€” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Investors require higher rates in order to offset the impact wrought by rising prices.

ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

The surge in investment directed toward AI data centers has likewise driven up borrowing costs, as major technology companies issue hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of bonds in order to raise construction financing.

AI ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฆ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๊ฑด์„ค ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ž… ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

This deluge of bond issuance, too, has operated as a factor pushing interest rates higher.

์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Warsh also alluded to more robust economic growth, which typically drives interest rates higher as a greater number of firms, anticipating higher returns on new projects, take on more debt to expand.

์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์‹ ๊ทœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์ž…์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

However, Warsh made no mention of another driver of rising interest rates that numerous economists have identified: the United States' accumulated government debt, which has reached high levels, recently surpassing 40 trillion dollars, and surged under the Trump administration.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›Œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์Šน์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถ”๋™๋ ฅ์€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค: ์ตœ๊ทผ 40์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•œ, ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋‹ค.

Likewise, he did not mention tariffs, which his predecessor Powell had frequently emphasized.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ „์ž„์ž์ธ ํŒŒ์›”์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ด€์„ธ ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

September 17th, 2026

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