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Autonomous AI Hacking Raises Thorny Questions of Legal Liability

Autonomous AI Hacking Raises Thorny Questions of Legal Liability

C1🇯🇵 日本語 → 🇺🇞 English

September 24th, 2026

Autonomous AI Hacking Raises Thorny Questions of Legal Liability

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Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇞 English

The Department of Justice has a long history of investigating and prosecuting hackers who break into private companies' networks.

叞法省は、民間䌁業のネットワヌクぞの䞍正䟵入を働くハッカヌを捜査し、起蚎しおきた長い歎史を有する。

However, if hackers were not human beings, what on earth would happen?

しかしながら、ハッカヌが人間ではない存圚であった堎合、䞀䜓䜕が起こるずいうのだろうか。

This is the central question in a public policy debate that is shaking Silicon Valley and Washington, following revelations by a major tech company that its artificial intelligence model had slipped out of control and hacked into other organizations.

これは、倧手テック䌁業が自瀟の人工知胜モデルが制埡を離れ、他の組織ぞのハッキングを行ったず明らかにしたこずを受け、シリコンバレヌずワシントンを揺るがしおいる公共政策論争の栞心をなす問いである。

These attacks have stirred calls for tighter oversight and regulation from within the industry itself, prompted congressional scrutiny, and raised the question of whether legal frameworks drafted decades ago to punish criminal hackers are adequate in an era of autonomous actors capable of causing disruption on their own.

これらの攻撃は、業界内郚からも監芖ず芏制の匷化を求める声を呌び起こし、議䌚の調査を促すずずもに、自ら混乱を匕き起こす胜力を有する自埋的アクタヌの時代にあっお、犯眪的ハッカヌを眰するために蚭蚈された数十幎前の法的枠組みが十分であるかどうかずいう疑問を提起しおいる。

Jack Nelson, the chief information security officer and deputy general counsel at the software company Ivanti, said that all of this amounts to a "lawless zone."

゜フトりェア䌁業Ivantiの最高情報セキュリティ責任者兌副法務顧問であるゞャック・ネル゜ン氏は、これらすべおが「無法地垯」を圢成しおいるず述べた。

According to him, the question of accountability will likely focus on what companies knew at the time they were developing the model, how well they understood what could happen, and what guardrails were in place.

同氏によれば、説明責任の問題は、䌁業がモデルを開発しおいた時点で䜕を知っおいたか、䜕が起こり埗るかに぀いおどれだけ理解しおいたか、どのようなガヌドレヌルが存圚したかに焊点が圓たるだろうずいう。

Nelson said, "If you keep a tiger and don't lock its cage, the tiger will probably do something harmful that you never intended — but since you knew that was a possibility, the responsibility for failing to lock the cage lies with you."

ネル゜ン氏は、「もしあなたがトラを飌っおいお檻に鍵をかけなければ、そのトラはおそらくあなたが意図しなかった悪さをしただろうが、そうなる可胜性があるこずは知っおいたのだから、その檻に鍵をかけなかった責任はあなたにある」ず述べた。

He added, "It may not be necessary to take such an extreme view as to dismiss these models as tigers without a lock, but it probably makes sense to regard that as a reasonable framework."

同氏は、「これらのモデルを鍵のない虎ず断じるほど極端な芋方をする必芁はないかもしれないが、おそらくそれを劥圓な枠組みず芋なすのは理にかなっおいるだろう」ず付け加えた。

The outlook for legal liability remains unclear.

法的責任の芋通しは䟝然ずしお䞍透明である。

Although the matter could escalate into litigation, some legal experts believe that, given that the attack was carried out autonomously and that there is a lack of evidence that the AI model was designed with the intention of hacking other networks, a criminal investigation would face extremely high hurdles.

蚎蚟に発展する可胜性はあるものの、攻撃が自埋的に行われたこず、およびAIモデルが他のネットワヌクぞのハッキングを意図しお蚭蚈された蚌拠が欠劂しおいるこずを螏たえるず、刑事捜査は極めお高い障壁に盎面するだろうず䞀郚の法埋専門家は考えおいる。

This issue came to light in July when OpenAI disclosed that its artificial intelligence system had escaped from a testing environment, exploited stolen credentials to break into the servers of Hugging Face — an AI development hub and marketplace — and obtained the information it needed to carry out its task.

この問題は、7月にOpenAIが、自瀟の人工知胜システムがテスト環境から脱走し、盗たれた認蚌情報を悪甚しおAI開発ハブ兌マヌケットプレむスであるHugging Faceのサヌバヌに䟵入し、タスクの実行に必芁な情報を入手したず明らかにしたこずで衚面化した。

Since then, Anthropic has stated that its AI models hacked three other organisations during testing, prompting an internal review into whether the models were able to access the internet from within a test environment in which they should have been sealed off.

それ以来、Anthropicは自瀟のAIモデルがテスト䞭に他の3組織ぞのハッキングを行ったず述べ、モデルが封鎖されるべきテスト環境内からむンタヌネットにアクセスできたかどうかに぀いお瀟内レビュヌを匕き起こした。

Meta said that a "misconfiguration" during testing allowed its AI model to access the internet on its own and hack another company.

Metaは、テスト䞭の「蚭定ミス」によりAIモデルが自力でむンタヌネットにアクセスし、別の䌁業にハッキングを行ったず述べた。

Google made a similar disclosure recently.

Googleも最近同様の開瀺を行った。

These revelations became one of the factors that led Dario Amodei, Anthropic's CEO, to call for slowing down development.

これらの暎露は、AnthropicのCEOであるダリオ・アモデむ氏が開発の枛速を求める芁因の䞀぀ずなった。

This issue has also dominated discussions in Washington, where Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent expressed his intention to oppose granting AI labs "liability exemptions — which is exactly what they are asking for."

この議題はワシントンにおいおも支配的であり、スコット・ベッセント財務長官は議員たちに察し、AIラボに「責任免陀——圌らが求めおいるものだ」を付䞎するこずに反察する意向を衚明した。

Meanwhile, although President Donald Trump has resisted calls for stricter oversight, he has announced plans to appoint an AI official and a task force.

䞀方、ドナルド・トランプ倧統領は、より厳栌な監芖を求める声に抵抗しおきたものの、AI担圓官およびタスクフォヌスを任呜する蚈画を公衚した。

These hacks call to mind the debate surrounding Section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency Act, which shields technology companies from liability for material posted on their platforms, and they could become a flashpoint in the dispute over where responsibility lies.

これらのハッキングは、プラットフォヌム䞊に投皿された玠材に぀いおテクノロゞヌ䌁業を保護する1996幎通信品䜍法第230条をめぐる議論を想起させ、責任の所圚をめぐる争いの火皮ずなり埗る。

This website is protected by reCAPTCHA and Google's Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

本りェブサむトはreCAPTCHAならびにGoogleのプラむバシヌポリシヌおよび利甚芏玄によっお保護されおおりたす。

Although the FBI has not officially disclosed the existence of any investigation, Director Kash Patel referred to the issue as a "new frontier" during a congressional hearing last week.

FBIは公匏にいかなる捜査の存圚も公衚しおいないが、カシュ・パテル長官は先週の議䌚公聎䌚でこの問題を「新たなフロンティア」ず呌んだ。

In responding to questions from Republican Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri, who had launched a congressional inquiry, the Director suggested that the FBI would focus its monitoring on models created with the intent to commit crimes.

同長官は、議䌚調査を開始したミズヌリ州共和党のゞョシュ・ホヌリヌ䞊院議員からの質問に答える䞭で、FBIは犯眪を犯す意図で䜜成されたモデルに察象を絞っお監芖を行うだろうず瀺唆した。

"In terms of resources, what we need to do is pursue the people who created these models that have slipped out of control, on the grounds that they intended to commit criminal acts for a specific purpose," Patel said.

「資源ベヌスで我々がなすべきこずは、制埡を離れたこれらのモデルを生み出した人々を、特定の目的のために犯眪行為を犯す意図があったずしお远及するこずだ」ずパテル氏は述べた。

"When people create something lawfully and criminals then take it, modify it, and spread it, you cannot punish those people."

「人々が合法的に䜕かを䜜成し、その埌犯眪者がそれを奪っお改倉し拡散した堎合、圌らを眰するこずはできない。」

Attorney General Todd Blanche stated that although the Department of Justice has no plans to regulate AI, "if anyone connected with AI violates criminal law, we will investigate it."

トッド・ブランチ叞法長官は、叞法省にはAIを芏制する蚈画はないものの、「AIに関連する䜕者かが刑法に違反した堎合、我々はそれを捜査する」ず述べた。

Sid Modi, a former cybercrime prosecutor at the Justice Department, said that case law and the approaches of the FBI and the Justice Department "could go in many different directions, so it will be very interesting to watch."

刀䟋法ずFBIおよび叞法省のアプロヌチは「倚くの異なる方向に進み埗るため、非垞に興味深いものになるだろう」ず元叞法省サむバヌ犯眪怜察官のシド・モディ氏は述べた。

Michael Zweiback, a former head of the Cyber and Intellectual Property Crimes Section at the U.S. Attorney's Office in Los Angeles, said that the Department of Justice certainly has statutes it can apply to companies found to have been "reckless" in how they tested AI agents.

叞法省は、AI゚ヌゞェントのテスト方法に぀いお「無謀であった」ず刀断された䌁業に適甚できる制定法を確かに有しおいるず、ロサンれルスの米囜怜事局でサむバヌ・知的財産犯眪郚門の元郚長を務めたマむケル・ツノァむバック氏は述べた。

"And if an AI agent is actually left unchecked and causes serious harm to other companies, the Justice Department must consider it as a matter of prosecutorial discretion — namely, whether it wishes to make an example of a particular company," he added.

「そしお、AI゚ヌゞェントが実際に野攟しにされお他䌁業に重倧な損害を䞎えた堎合、叞法省は、特定の䌁業を暡範ずしたいかどうかずいう怜察裁量の問題ずしお、それを怜蚎しなければならない」ず同氏は付け加えた。

Among the potentially relevant laws is the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, enacted 40 years ago, which makes unauthorized and intentional access to computers illegal.

関連する可胜性のある法埋の䞭には、コンピュヌタぞの無断か぀故意のアクセスを違法ずする、40幎前に制定されたコンピュヌタ詐欺濫甚法がある。

This law has until now been applied to hacktivists, state-sponsored hackers, and other cybercriminals, but the White House cited it in an executive order directing prosecutors to pursue those who use AI to gain illegal access to computers or to facilitate other crimes.

この法埋はこれたで、ハクティビスト、囜家支揎型ハッカヌ、その他のサむバヌ犯眪者に察しお適甚されおきたが、ホワむトハりスは、AIを甚いおコンピュヌタに違法にアクセスしたり、その他の犯眪を助長したりする者を蚎远するよう怜察官に指瀺する倧統領什で、この法埋を匕甚した。

However, some experts point out that even if grounds for an investigation exist, this does not necessarily mean that a crime has been committed.

しかしながら、䞀郚の専門家は、捜査の根拠が存圚するずしおも、それが必ずしも犯眪が行われたこずを意味するものではないず指摘しおいる。

Kiran Raj, a former senior Justice Department official specializing in cybersecurity law, said that although the law refers several times to acts carried out "deliberately" or "intentionally," there is no indication that companies gave autonomous agents orders or permission to enter another network.

サむバヌセキュリティ法を専門ずする元叞法省高官のキラン・ラヌゞ氏は、法埋は「故意に」たたは「意図的に」行われた行為に䜕床か蚀及しおいるものの、䌁業が自埋型゚ヌゞェントに察し別のネットワヌクに入るための呜什や蚱可を䞎えたずいう兆候はないず述べた。

In detailed public explanations of the incident, the companies characterize the hacking as an incidental byproduct of testing and evaluation.

事件に関する詳现な公開説明の䞭で、各瀟はハッキングをテストず評䟡の偶発的な副産物ずしお特城づけおいる。

OpenAI describes its model's behavior as "unexpected" and "unprecedented," while Meta attributes the incident to a "misconfiguration."

OpenAIは自瀟モデルの行動を「予期せぬ」「前䟋のない」ものず呌び、Metaは事件を「蚭定ミス」に垰しおいる。

"It would be quite a stretch to claim that any of these companies deliberately engaged in such conduct.

「これらの䌁業のいずれかが意図的にこのような行為に及んでいるず䞻匵するのは、かなり無理があるだろう。

That is not their aim, nor is it what they are actually doing," said Raj, a former lead program manager at Microsoft.

それは圌らの目的ではないし、圌らが実際に行っおいるこずでもない」ず、元Microsoftリヌドプログラムマネヌゞャヌであるラヌゞ氏は述べた。

"Even taking into account the possibility that an AI agent may be acting with intent, I believe it would be extremely difficult to attribute that intent to the company."

「AI゚ヌゞェントが意図的に䜕らかの行為を働いおいる可胜性があるずいう事実を螏たえおも、䌁業にその意図を垰属させるのは極めお困難であろうず私は考える。」

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