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US Retailers' Adoption of AI Pricing Tools Raises Consumer Concerns

US Retailers' Adoption of AI Pricing Tools Raises Consumer Concerns

C1🇯🇵 日本語 → 🇺🇞 English

October 19th, 2026

US Retailers' Adoption of AI Pricing Tools Raises Consumer Concerns

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇞 English

American consumers are not merely dissatisfied with high prices.

アメリカの消費者は、単に高䟡栌に䞍満を抱いおいるにずどたらない。

They are growing increasingly angry and bewildered by the ever more sophisticated methods that restaurant chains and major retailers use to set prices.

レストランチェヌンや倧手小売業者が䟡栌を蚭定する手法がたすたす高床化しおいるこずに察し、怒りず圓惑を募らせおいるのだ。

In grocery store aisles, paper price tags are rapidly being replaced by digital ones.

食料品店の通路では、玙の倀札が急速にデゞタル倀札に取っお代わられ぀぀ある。

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are helping companies set prices by predicting how customers will react.

人工知胜AIツヌルは、顧客がどのように反応するかを予枬するこずにより、䌁業が䟡栌を決定するのを支揎しおいる。

Terms such as "dynamic pricing" and "surveillance pricing" are stirring anxiety on social media, and users are wondering whether different people are being offered different prices for the same product.

「ダむナミックプラむシング」や「監芖䟡栌蚭定」ずいった甚語が゜ヌシャルメディア䞊で䞍安をかき立おおおり、ナヌザヌは、同じ商品に察しお異なる人々が異なる䟡栌を提瀺されおいるのではないかず疑問を抱いおいる。

Although Americans are accustomed to price fluctuations when booking flights, hotel rooms, and rides, they find it frustrating that their everyday spending can be influenced by incomprehensible algorithms or by personal data they may not even realize they are sharing.

アメリカ人は、航空刞やホテルの郚屋、配車を予玄する際の䟡栌倉動には慣れおいるものの、理解しがたいアルゎリズムや、共有しおいるず気づいおいないかもしれない個人デヌタによっお日垞の支出が巊右され埗るずいう事実には、いら立ちを芚える。

"At present, there is significant tension over who actually holds the power when it comes to the use of these algorithms, bots, and AI.

「珟圚、これらのアルゎリズムやボット、AIの䜿甚をめぐっお、実際に誰が暩力を握っおいるのかずいう点で、倧きな緊匵が生じおいる。

Is it the companies, or is it the shoppers?" said Katie Thomas, who leads the in-house consumer behavior think tank at the management consulting firm Kearney.

䌁業か、それずも買い物客か」ず、経営コンサルティング䌚瀟カヌニヌの瀟内消費者行動シンクタンクを率いるケむティ・トヌマス氏は述べた。

Companies that have adopted this technology point out that some of the concerns stem from misunderstandings about how their pricing tools work.

この技術を採甚しおいる䌁業各瀟は、懞念の䞀郚が自瀟の䟡栌蚭定ツヌルの仕組みに関する誀解に起因しおいるず指摘しおいる。

In a blog post last month, Walmart CEO John Furner said that digital price tags save employees time and keep prices up to date.

りォルマヌトのCEO、ゞョン・ファヌナヌ氏は先月のブログ投皿で、デゞタル倀札は埓業員の時間を節玄し、䟡栌を最新の状態に保぀ものだず述べた。

He further stressed that the tags are not being used to raise prices depending on the weather, the time of day, or individual shoppers.

同氏はさらに、倀札が倩候や時間垯、個々の買い物客に応じお䟡栌を匕き䞊げるために甚いられおいるわけではないず匷調した。

Mr. Furner wrote, "We set prices for products, not for people."

ファヌナヌ氏は「私たちが䟡栌を蚭定する察象は商品であっお、人間ではない」ず蚘した。

However, companies do not always maintain transparency about the customer data they collect and how they use it, and this is one factor that invites consumer suspicion and gives rise to speculation.

しかし、䌁業が収集する顧客デヌタずその掻甚方法に぀いお垞に透明性を保っおいるずは限らず、それが消費者の疑念を招き、憶枬を生む䞀因ずなっおいる。

For example, Thomas said that posts on social media are giving the false impression that the electronic shelf labels Walmart plans to introduce in stores across the country will scan shoppers' faces and mobile phones in order to set individual prices.

䟋えば、゜ヌシャルメディア䞊の投皿は、りォルマヌトが党米の店舗に導入予定の電子棚札が、個別の䟡栌を蚭定するために買い物客の顔や携垯電話をスキャンするものであるずの誀った瀺唆を䞎えおいる、ずトヌマス氏は述べた。

Lawmakers and regulators are also taking action.

議員や芏制圓局も行動を起こしおいる。

According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, lawmakers in at least 30 states have considered pricing bills this year, including measures that address algorithmic pricing and personalized pricing.

党米州議䌚䌚議によれば、少なくずも30州の議員が今幎、アルゎリズム䟡栌蚭定や個別䟡栌蚭定に察凊する措眮を含む䟡栌法案を怜蚎した。

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has proposed an enforcement policy warning that companies which fail to disclose their use of personal data to set individualized prices may be violating consumer protection law.

連邊取匕委員䌚FTCは、個別䟡栌の蚭定に個人デヌタを利甚しおいるこずを開瀺しない䌁業は消費者保護法に違反する可胜性があるず譊告する執行方針を提案した。

The following are some of the pricing practices and technologies that are increasingly coming under scrutiny.

以䞋は、監芖の目を集め぀぀ある䟡栌慣行および技術の䞀郚である。

[What Is Dynamic Pricing?] Dynamic pricing refers to adjusting prices according to fluctuating market conditions, including supply and demand.

【ダむナミックプラむシングずは】ダむナミックプラむシングずは、需芁ず䟛絊をはじめずする倉動する垂堎状況に応じお䟡栌を調敎するこずを指す。

Airlines that adjust ticket prices as departure approaches are employing dynamic pricing.

出発が近づくに぀れお航空刞の䟡栌を調敎する航空䌚瀟は、ダむナミックプラむシングを採甚しおいる。

Uber's practice of raising fares when demand exceeds the supply of available drivers, such as during rush hour, is a form of dynamic pricing known as surge pricing.

ラッシュアワヌなど、需芁が利甚可胜なドラむバヌの䟛絊を䞊回る堎合に運賃を匕き䞊げるりヌバヌの慣行は、サヌゞプラむシングずしお知られるダむナミックプラむシングの䞀圢態である。

[Why it matters] Frequent price changes are not limited to the food industry.

【なぜ重芁か】頻繁な䟡栌倉曎は食品業界にずどたらない。

The web data company Decodo tracked price changes made in 2025, covering everything from electronics to clothing and even home improvement goods.

りェブデヌタ䌁業デコドは、電子機噚から衣料品、さらには䜏宅改善甚品に至るたで、2025幎に実斜された䟡栌倉曎を远跡調査した。

Roughly half of the recorded changes in the United States were price cuts, a result that contradicts the consumer stereotype that dynamic pricing only raises prices, said Gabrielle Bitke, a senior product marketing manager.

蚘録された米囜内の倉曎のおよそ半数は倀䞋げであり、ダむナミックプラむシングは䟡栌を匕き䞊げるだけだずいう消費者の固定芳念に反する結果ずなった、ずシニアプロダクトマヌケティングマネヌゞャヌのガブリ゚レ・ビトケ氏は述べた。

[What are electronic shelf labels?] They are digital displays that allow a store to update shelf prices electronically instead of replacing paper tags.

【電子棚札ずは】店舗が玙のタグを亀換する代わりに、棚の䟡栌を電子的に曎新できるデゞタルディスプレむのこずである。

[Why it matters] Digital price tags, which have been used for many years in Europe and Asia, are attracting even more attention as their adoption spreads to major US retailers such as Walmart and Whole Foods.

【なぜ重芁か】ペヌロッパやアゞアで長幎にわたり䜿甚されおきたデゞタル倀札は、りォルマヌトやホヌルフヌズずいった倧手米囜小売業者ぞず普及が拡倧するに぀れ、䞀局泚目を集めおいる。

Consumer advocates argue that digital price tags could eventually be used for surge pricing or personalized pricing.

消費者擁護掟は、デゞタル倀札が最終的にサヌゞプラむシングや個別䟡栌蚭定に甚いられる可胜性があるず䞻匵しおいる。

Labor unions, too, are opposed to this technology.

劎働組合もたた、この技術に反察しおいる。

Although electronic shelf labels make frequent changes easy, prices do not necessarily rise when demand is tight.

電子棚札は頻繁な倉曎を容易にするものの、需芁が逌迫する時期に必ずしも䟡栌が䞊昇するずは限らない。

According to Asa Farkhar of retail technology company Relex Solutions, retailers usually update electronic shelf prices on a regular schedule (often weekly), since shoppers value consistency.

小売技術䌁業リレックス・゜リュヌションズのアサ・ファヌクハヌ氏によれば、小売業者は通垞、買い物客が䞀貫性を重芖するこずから、電子棚䟡栌を定期的なスケゞュヌル倚くの堎合毎週で曎新しおいるずいう。

Researchers who tracked prices at an unnamed grocery chain found that after the labels were introduced, "there was effectively no surge pricing."

無名の食料品チェヌンで䟡栌を远跡した研究者らは、倀札導入埌に「実質的にサヌゞプラむシングはなかった」こずを発芋した。

Farkher said, "Varying prices throughout the day, as airlines and ride-sharing apps do, is very rare for groceries and general merchandise today."

「航空䌚瀟やラむドシェアアプリのように䞀日を通じお䟡栌を倉動させるこずは、今日の食料品や䞀般商品においおはごくたれである」ずファヌクハヌ氏は述べた。

[What Is Individualized Pricing?] Individualized pricing refers to offering different prices or discounts based on information about a customer's location, income, web-browsing habits, and other details concerning the individual or a group of shoppers.

【個別䟡栌蚭定ずは】個別䟡栌蚭定ずは、顧客の䜍眮情報や収入、りェブ閲芧の習慣、その他の個人たたは買い物客グルヌプに関する情報に基づいお、異なる䟡栌や割匕を提瀺するこずを指す。

Some advocacy groups and regulators refer to this same practice by the term "surveillance pricing."

䞀郚の擁護団䜓や芏制圓局は、同䞀の慣行を「監芖䟡栌蚭定」ずいう甚語で呌んでいる。

[Why It Matters] It remains unclear how extensively companies use personal information for price customization.

【なぜ重芁か】䌁業が個人情報を䟡栌カスタマむズにどの皋床広く䜿甚しおいるかは䞍明である。

According to an FTC staff report published in January 2025, intermediaries offering tools that can adjust prices and promotions were doing business with at least 250 clients, including grocery and clothing retailers.

2025幎1月に公衚されたFTC職員報告曞によるず、䟡栌やプロモヌションを調敎できるツヌルを提䟛する仲介業者は、食料品や衣料品の小売業者を含む少なくずも250の顧客ず取匕しおいた。

Lawmakers in Maryland, New Jersey, and Connecticut have recently imposed restrictions on the use of personal data that influences the prices shoppers pay.

メリヌランド州、ニュヌゞャヌゞヌ州、コネチカット州の議員らは最近、買い物客が支払う䟡栌を巊右する個人デヌタの利甚に関しお制限を蚭けた。

The laws in Maryland and New Jersey focus on groceries and include exceptions for certain loyalty discounts and other promotional offers.

メリヌランド州ずニュヌゞャヌゞヌ州の法埋は食料品に焊点を絞っおおり、特定のロむダルティ割匕やその他のプロモヌション提䟛に぀いおは䟋倖が蚭けられおいる。

In contrast, Connecticut's law covers a broader range of retail purchases.

これに察し、コネチカット州の法埋はより広範な小売賌入を察象ずしおいる。

Prosecutors in California sued Target in 2022, alleging that the retailer's app showed shoppers lower prices before they came to the store, but raised those prices once they were inside.

カリフォルニア州の怜察圓局は2022幎にタヌゲットを提蚎し、同小売業者のアプリが買い物客に察し来店前に䜎䟡栌を衚瀺する䞀方、店内に入るず䟡栌を匕き䞊げおいたず䞻匵した。

In addition to paying a $5 million settlement, Target also agreed to a ban on using so-called geofencing technology to raise prices.

タヌゲットは500䞇ドルの和解金の支払いに加え、いわゆるゞオフェンシング技術を甚いお䟡栌を匕き䞊げるこずの犁止にも同意した。

Target stated that the app feature in question was used "to provide guests with accurate prices that may vary by store or channel."

タヌゲットは、問題のアプリ機胜は「店舗やチャネルによっお異なる可胜性がある正確な䟡栌をゲストに提䟛する」ために䜿甚されたず述べた。

The retailer said it does not personalize prices based on guest data or behavior and that it "remains committed to clear and transparent pricing."

小売業者は、ゲストのデヌタや行動に基づいお䟡栌を個人化しおおらず、「明確で透明な䟡栌蚭定に匕き続きコミットしおいる」ず述べた。

Differential pricing does not necessarily imply that personal data was used.

異なる䟡栌蚭定は、必ずしも個人デヌタが利甚されたこずを瀺唆するものではない。

Last year, a joint investigation by Consumer Reports, Groundwork Collaborative, and More Perfect Union revealed that Instacart shoppers were being shown different prices for the same products at the same store.

昚幎、コンシュヌマヌ・レポヌツ、グラりンドワヌク・コラボラティブ、モア・パヌフェクト・ナニオンの合同調査によっお、むンスタカヌトの買い物客が同䞀店舗においお同䞀商品に察し異なる䟡栌を提瀺されおいたこずが明らかになった。

In response, Instacart subsequently ended the initiative, which it had explained was not pricing based on personal information but rather a test that randomly assigned shoppers to groups.

これを受けむンスタカヌトはその埌、個人情報に基づく䟡栌蚭定ではなく、買い物客を無䜜為にグルヌプぞ割り圓おるテストであるず説明しおいた圓該の取り組みを終了した。

[What Is Algorithmic Pricing?] Algorithmic pricing is a mechanism that uses software to recommend or automatically set prices.

【アルゎリズム䟡栌蚭定ずは】アルゎリズム䟡栌蚭定ずは、゜フトりェアを掻甚しお䟡栌の掚奚たたは自動的な蚭定を行う仕組みである。

Companies have been using such systems for decades.

䌁業はこうしたシステムを数十幎にわたり利甚しおきた。

AI helps identify patterns hidden in sales records, competitors' prices, and other information, forecast demand, and estimate how differences in price affect sales and profits.

AIは、販売実瞟や競合他瀟の䟡栌、その他の情報に朜むパタヌンを特定し、需芁を予枬するずずもに、䟡栌の違いが販売ず利益にいかなる圱響を及がすかを掚定する䞊で圹立぀。

These tools can support both dynamic pricing and personalized pricing.

これらのツヌルは、ダむナミック䟡栌蚭定ず個別䟡栌蚭定の双方に察応するこずが可胜である。

[Why it matters] Although it is unclear how extensively retailers use AI in pricing, the surveys conducted suggest that companies across the industry are adopting it.

【なぜ重芁か】小売業者が䟡栌蚭定においおAIをどの皋床幅広く掻甚しおいるのかは定かではないものの、実斜された調査は業界党䜓の䌁業がそれを導入しおいるこずを瀺唆しおいる。

According to a survey conducted last year by the global consulting firm Simon-Kucher of more than 2,200 business leaders across 39 industries in 28 countries, 41% said they use AI software to gather market intelligence, including competitors' prices.

グロヌバルコンサルティング䌚瀟サむモン・クチャヌが昚幎、28か囜39業界の2,200人以䞊のビゞネスリヌダヌを察象に実斜した調査によれば、41%が競合他瀟の䟡栌を含む垂堎情報を収集するためにAI゜フトりェアを䜿甚しおいるず回答した。

A further 28% said they use it for "real-time price optimization."

さらに28%が「リアルタむム䟡栌最適化」に䜿甚しおいるず回答した。

Price optimization refers to selecting prices that advance business goals such as increasing profits, attracting shoppers, and clearing unsold inventory.

䟡栌最適化ずは、利益の増加、買い物客の誘匕、売れ残り商品の凊分ずいったビゞネス目暙を掚進する䟡栌を遞択するこずを指す。

Speaking on behalf of both large and small stores, the National Retail Federation stated that algorithmic pricing is a new way of doing what retailers have long done—namely, monitoring and adjusting prices in response to demand, supply, seasonality, competitors' prices, and other factors.

党米小売業連盟は、倧小の店舗を代衚する立堎から、アルゎリズム䟡栌蚭定は小売業者が埓来から行っおきたこず、すなわち需芁、䟛絊、季節性、競合他瀟の䟡栌、その他の芁因に応じお䟡栌を監芖・調敎する新たな方法であるず述べた。

In some lawsuits, it is alleged that companies used pricing algorithms to harm competition.

䞀郚の蚎蚟においおは、䌁業が䟡栌アルゎリズムを掻甚しお競争を損なったず䞻匵されおいる。

The antitrust lawsuit that the FTC filed against Amazon in 2023 specifically challenged an algorithmic tool code-named "Project Nessie."

2023幎にFTCがアマゟンに察しお提起した反トラスト蚎蚟は、ずりわけ「プロゞェクト・ネッシヌ」ずいうコヌド名のアルゎリズムツヌルに異議を唱えた。

The authorities alleged that Amazon used this tool to identify products whose prices it could raise in ways that competitors were likely to follow, thereby generating more than a billion dollars in excess profits.

圓局は、アマゟンがこのツヌルを利甚しお、競合他瀟が远随する可胜性が高い䟡栌を匕き䞊げるこずができる商品を特定し、10億ドル以䞊の超過利益を生み出したず䞻匵した。

The trial is scheduled for next year.

裁刀は来幎に予定されおいる。

Amazon stated that the FTC's claims "grossly mischaracterize" its pricing tool.

アマゟンは、FTCの䞻匵が䟡栌ツヌルを「著しく誀っお特城づけおいる」ず述べた。

The e-commerce giant said that Project Nessie was intended to prevent its retail price-matching practices from generating unsustainably low prices.

電子商取匕倧手は、プロゞェクト・ネッシヌが小売䟡栌のマッチング慣行によっお持続䞍可胜な䜎䟡栌を生み出すのを防ぐこずを目的ずしおいたず述べた。

Amazon said that although it had tested the tool for several years, it did not work as intended, and the company discontinued it before the federal authorities filed their lawsuit.

アマゟンは、このツヌルを数幎間詊隓したものの意図したずおりに機胜せず、連邊圓局の蚎蚟前に廃止したず述べた。

A consumer lawsuit recently filed against McDonald's claimed that the company's pricing system uses non-public sales data provided by rival outlets to adjust its prices.

最近、マクドナルドに察しお提起された消費者蚎蚟は、同瀟の䟡栌蚭定システムが競合店舗から提䟛された非公開の販売デヌタを掻甚しお䟡栌を調敎しおいるず䞻匵した。

The Chicago-based burger giant said the lawsuit was "full of inaccuracies" and stated that it makes available tools to help its U.S. franchisees set prices at individual restaurants.

シカゎに本拠を眮くこのバヌガヌ倧手は、蚎蚟は「䞍正確さに満ちおいる」ず述べ、同瀟は米囜のフランチャむゞヌが個々のレストランで䟡栌を蚭定できるよう支揎するためのツヌルを利甚可胜にしおいるず述べた。

October 19th, 2026

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