When a child forgets their lunch or cannot solve a math problem, parents often step in right away.
當孩子忘記帶午餐或解不出數學題時,父母常會立刻介入。
But development experts and educators say the problem itself is a chance to practice.
但發展專家與教育工作者表示,問題本身就是練習的機會。
Children need to find their own way, because problem-solving is a skill that must be practiced.
孩子需要自己想辦法,因為解決問題是一種必須練習的技能。
Dana Suskind, a professor at the University of Chicago, says the most important thing parents can give their children is not the answer.
芝加哥大學教授達娜·蘇斯金德說,父母能給孩子最重要的不是答案。
The most important thing is to let children have the experience of figuring things out on their own.
最重要的是讓孩子有自己想清楚的經驗。
Stephanie Carlson of the University of Minnesota says that if children rarely have to struggle, they may develop serious anxiety later.
明尼蘇達大學的史蒂芬妮·卡爾森表示,孩子若很少需要掙扎,日後可能出現嚴重焦慮。
Experts suggest that parents should step in when there is real danger.
專家建議,真正有危險時父母應介入。
When the risk is low, parents can slow down and discuss things with their children using open-ended questions.
風險低時,父母則可放慢腳步,用開放式問題陪孩子討論。
Experts say that letting children feel bored, frustrated, or nervous can help them learn.
專家指出,讓孩子感到無聊、挫折或緊張,有助於學習。
Psychologist Jean Twenge writes that children and teens today have fewer chances to act on their own than earlier generations.
心理學家珍·特溫格寫道,現在兒童與青少年自己行動的機會比前幾代更少。
They also have fewer chances to make decisions away from adults' eyes.
他們在成人視線外做決定的機會也變少了。
Kileen Hoffman, CEO of the National Children's Museum, says that boredom can boost creativity and resilience.
國家兒童博物館執行長基琳·霍夫曼則說,無聊能促進創造力與韌性。
Nicole North from Arizona let her daughters make small decisions when they were young. Now they buy groceries on their own.
亞利桑那州的妮可·諾斯從小讓女兒做小決定,如今她們會自己採買雜貨。
In Chicago, Jamia Cunningham-Elder gives each child freedom based on what that child can handle.
芝加哥的潔米亞·坎寧安-艾爾德會依每個孩子能處理的程度給予自由。
Experts also remind us that being independent does not mean doing everything alone.
專家也提醒,獨立不等於什麼都自己一個人做。
Asking a teacher for help is also good practice.
向老師求助同樣是練習。
Caroline Chirichella in Italy still hesitates to let her 8-year-old daughter go out alone. She worries about traffic.
義大利的卡洛琳·奇里切拉則因擔心交通,對8歲女兒獨自在外仍有猶豫。