Venturing into the corner of a newsroom, one frequently catches a glimpse of it affixed to the bulletin board, perhaps peeking surreptitiously from behind the coffee urn: the code of ethics of the Society of Professional Journalists.
步入某家新闻编辑室的隅角,您往往能瞥见它张贴于公告板之上,或许自咖啡壶后方悄然探出:职业记者协会的道德准则。
Its length falls short of a thousand words, precisely fitting the expanse of a single poster.
其篇幅不足千言,恰可镌印于一张海报之幅。
"I must speak plainly," Axelrod — chair of the SPJ Ethics Committee and a longtime business reporter for Gannett — declared.
“我务须直言不讳,”阿克塞尔罗德——SPJ道德委员会主席,曾长期供职于甘尼特公司担任商业记者——如是说。
"This is the path to safeguarding democracy, and the means to shield society.
“此乃捍卫民主之径,亦为护佑社会之道。
Should a society be bereft of journalists, it would be left to rely solely on divine providence."
倘若社会无记者存焉,则唯有仰赖天眷矣。”
What Axelrod addressed pertains not merely to the existence of the guidelines themselves, but rather to the imperative of periodically revising them.
阿克塞尔罗德所论及的,不仅在于准则本身的存在,更在于对其予以周期性革新的必要性。
This undertaking is exceptionally arduous, demanding approximately a year's time, encompassing countless deliberations both online and offline, as well as an incalculable investment of hours in the feedback phase.
这一过程殊为艰巨,需耗费约莫一年光阴,并历经线上线下无数次磋商,以及反馈环节中难以计数的时数投入。
"Well, no physical altercation ensued," interjected his colleague Chris Roberts, the committee's vice chair and a professor of journalism at the University of Alabama, with a wry tone.
“嗯,未曾发生任何肢体冲突,”其同僚克里斯·罗伯茨,即委员会副主席兼阿拉巴马大学新闻学教授,以戏谑的口吻插言道。
He then elaborated, "There was no shortage of meticulous refinement of wording throughout."
他继而阐释道,“其间不乏大量对措辞进行精雕细琢的工作。”
"We are delving into artificial intelligence and how news organizations can harness it judiciously, or at times, exploit it," Roberts remarked, "for while this nascent technology may curtail expenditures, its misapplication or ethical transgressions could precipitate considerable turmoil."
“我们正在深入探讨人工智能,以及新闻机构如何善加利用,乃至不时地滥用它,”罗伯茨指出,“因为面对这一新兴技术,它虽能为其节省开支,但若运用失当或违背伦理,亦将招致诸多纷扰。”
Another issue pertains to the very definition of the appellation "professional journalist."
另一项议题则牵涉“专业记者”这一称谓本身的界定。
In recent years, the cohort of independently operating individuals who style themselves "creator-journalists" has grown exponentially, attaining a magnitude that can no longer be disregarded.
近年来,独立运作、自称“创作者记者”的群体呈指数级增长,其规模之庞大已不容忽视。
In light of this, the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) contends that this emergent cohort ought likewise to be bound and guided by the corresponding ethical precepts.
有鉴于此,美国职业记者协会(SPJ)主张,这一新兴群体亦应受相应伦理准则之约束与指引。
(As ever, these precepts constitute a voluntary, advisory document, devoid of any coercive enforcement.)
(一如既往,该准则系自愿遵循之指导性文件,并无任何强制执行力。)
"What we are discussing is a world that no longer places its trust in us as it once did," Roberts remarked.
“我们所探讨的,是一个不再如往昔那般信赖我们的世界,”罗伯茨如是说。
"What we are addressing are those politicians and other individuals who go to great lengths to vilify journalism, simply because it dares to expose their flaws.
“我们所探讨的,是那些政客及其他人士,他们竭尽全力地诋毁新闻业,只因它敢于揭露他们的瑕疵。
In the meantime, the commercial operating model of journalism has undergone a seismic financial transformation, with a third of journalists now no longer employed by traditional news organizations."
与此同时,新闻业的商业运作模式在财务层面经历了翻天覆地的变革,如今有三分之一的记者已不再供职于传统新闻机构。”
"All this, and more, constitutes ample grounds for a reappraisal," he remarked, "and serves as a stark admonition to the public: certain precepts ought to be regarded as immutable canons, irrespective of whether you profess to be a journalist, and regardless of the nature of the platform on which you serve."
“凡此种种,乃至更多,皆构成重新审视的充分理据,”他言道,“并足以警醒世人:某些准则理应成为不刊之典,无论你自诩为记者与否,亦不论你所供职的平台属何种性质。”
Established in 1909, the SPJ convenes a cohort of approximately four thousand members under its aegis.
成立于1909年的SPJ,麾下汇聚了约四千名成员。
In 1926, the organization promulgated its inaugural code of professional ethics, subsequently instituting an ethics committee in 1948, and has since revised the code on five separate occasions—the most recent amendment occurring in 2014.
1926年,该组织颁布了首版职业道德准则,继而于1948年设立道德委员会,并先后五次对准则进行修订——最近一次修订发生在2014年。
Nevertheless, numerous other dimensions have undergone profound metamorphosis.
然而,诸多其他维度已发生深刻嬗变。
The report appended to the draft observes that, as the industry continues to contract, employment opportunities within conventional newsrooms are steadily diminishing.
草案所附之报告指出,随着行业持续萎缩,传统新闻编辑室内的就业岗位正日趋缩减。
Concurrently, the report asserts that the cohort of citizen journalists, freelance writers, online opinion leaders, and commentators has exhibited a conspicuous upward trajectory.
与此同时,该报告称,公民记者、自由撰稿人、网络意见领袖及评论员的数量呈现出显著增长态势。
Citing data from the Pew Research Center, the report reveals that in 2023, one-third of journalists operated as freelancers or were self-employed.
报告援引皮尤研究中心的数据,显示2023年有三分之一的记者系自由职业或自雇身份。
The report further contends that the presence of journalism as a watchdog institution is steadily waning, citing: "Individuals, organizations, and private investors lacking a journalistic background acquire or establish news outlets, thereby swaying news coverage, interfering with editorial decisions, and advancing their personal agendas."
报告进一步指出,作为监督机构的新闻业之存在感正日益式微,并援引道:“那些缺乏新闻背景的个人、组织及私人投资者,购得或创办新闻机构,以此左右新闻报道,干预编辑决策,并推行其个人议程。”
Accordingly, the following clause has been added: “It must be borne in mind that neither speed, technology, nor medium may serve as a pretext for inaccuracy or bias.
因此,新增条款如下:“务必铭记,速度、技术或媒介皆不得成为失实或偏颇的托辞。
Regardless of the tools and technologies employed, journalists must bear ethical responsibility for their professional conduct.”
无论运用何种工具与技术,记者均须对其职业行为承担伦理责任。”
In other words, ethical accountability invariably rests with the journalist, irrespective of whatever content artificial intelligence may generate.
换言之,伦理责任始终归于记者本人,无论人工智能可能生成何种内容。
However, the proposed draft — which, following the conclusion of the current consultation period, is slated for a vote before a broader body in October — makes no explicit mention of artificial intelligence, referring instead generically to tools and technologies, so as to remain pertinent amid ongoing technological evolution.
然而,拟议中的草案——在当前的征询期结束后,将于十月交由更广泛的机构进行表决——并未明确提及人工智能,仅泛指工具与技术,以期在技术演进中保持其时效性。
Furthermore, the draft also addresses a range of issues, including verification mechanisms, disinformation, crime reporting, and image manipulation.
此外,草案还涉及核实机制、虚假信息、犯罪报道及图像伪造等多项议题。
A noteworthy addition—one that has also provoked considerable controversy—is this sentence: “Exercise vigilance and courage toward those in power, holding them accountable. Confront the phenomenon whereby those with lesser power are unjustly marginalized.”
一个值得注意的补充——亦引发了广泛争议——是这一句:“对掌权者保持警惕和勇气,追究其责任。对抗那些权力较小者被不公平边缘化的现象。”
What is particularly intriguing is the content it has supplanted.
耐人寻味之处在于它所取代的内容。
The original text read: “Speak up for the voiceless.”
原文写道:“为无声者发声。”
This phrasing was deemed objectionable because it presupposes that certain groups lack a voice.
此措辞之所以被认为不妥,是因为它预设了某些群体缺乏声音。
Committee member Eric Deggans observed: "It is not that they lack a platform for their voices, but rather that mainstream news media, in the overwhelming majority of cases, turn a blind eye to them, or are even wholly oblivious to their existence."
委员会成员埃里克·德甘斯指出:“并非他们缺乏发声的渠道,而是主流新闻媒体在绝大多数情况下对此视而不见,甚至对其存在浑然不觉。”
"The crux of what we endeavor to elucidate," remarked DeGans—a commentator for NPR and a professor of media ethics at Washington and Lee University—"is that certain demographics may find themselves marginalized within the narrative architecture of journalistic reportage... (Journalists) ought, when contextually pertinent, to spare no effort in bringing them into the purview, particularly when such inclusion stands to augment the veracity and credibility of the report."
“我们所试图阐明的要旨在于,”德甘斯——NPR的评论员,亦是华盛顿与李大学媒体伦理学教授——如是言道,“某些特定群体或会在新闻报道的叙事框架中遭受边缘化……(记者)理应在情境相关之际,不遗余力地将其纳入视野,尤其当此举能够增益报道之精确性与信度之时。”
In light of the profound transformations reshaping the industry's landscape, one might pose a more fundamental, overarching question: can a singular set of standards truly hold universal applicability across all contexts?
鉴于行业格局的深刻变迁,人们或许会提出一个更具根本性的宏观疑问:一套统一的准则,是否真能放之四海而皆准?
Moreover, can its authority and legitimacy command widespread recognition and assent?
其权威性与合法性,又能否获得广泛认同?
"We must by no means shy away from this reality," responded Chris Vachon, the incumbent SPJ president, "merely because the industry's landscape is undergoing a profound metamorphosis, or because the very definition of a journalist is itself in a state of flux."
“我们绝不应回避这一事实,”现任SPJ主席克里斯·瓦卡罗回应道,“仅仅因为行业格局正在发生嬗变,抑或记者的定义本身正处于流变之中。”
Vaccaro is firmly convinced that this code of ethics, already rendered into numerous languages, is destined to be adhered to by a multitude of individuals.
瓦卡罗坚信,这套业已被译成多种语言的准则,必将为众多人士所遵循。
He further observes that the newsroom bulletin board has, in the present day, become a microcosm of the entire world.
他进而指出,新闻编辑室的公告板,如今已然成为整个世界的缩影。
"We would hardly presume that it goes unheeded, or that it fails to elicit concern, or that journalism has swollen to such proportions as to render it inconsequential," Vaccaro asserted.
“我们自然不会臆断其无人问津,抑或无人关切,亦或新闻业已膨胀至如此境地,以至于其无足轻重,”瓦卡罗断言。
"Its impact, in truth, is of paramount significance."
“其影响,实则举足轻重。”
Deggan avowed that he presides over two ethics courses, both of which delve profoundly into the SPJ Code.
德甘斯坦言,他执掌两门伦理课程,二者皆深入研习SPJ准则。
Yet, beyond nurturing fledgling journalists, the Code harbors other purposes of paramount significance.
然而,除却培育初出茅庐的记者之外,该准则尚蕴藏其他举足轻重之用途。
"If you operate within a nation long shackled by authoritarian rule, or one bereft of a venerable tradition of press freedom, how do you fathom the intricacies of its functioning?
“倘若你在一个长期受威权统治桎梏、或缺乏源远流长新闻自由传统的国度中运作,你如何洞悉其运作之奥秘?
You would inevitably invoke the SPJ Code, would you not?"
你势必会援引SPJ准则,岂非如此?”
Others remarked, "I earnestly hope that those at the helm of news organizations will diligently study this code, for it is all too common that they exert pressure on their staff to engage in practices that contravene professional ethics, leaving employees to navigate a precarious equilibrium between upholding journalistic integrity and appeasing their employers' demands."
还有其他人表示:“我衷心期盼那些执掌新闻机构的人能够认真研读这套准则,因为屡见不鲜的是,他们向员工施加压力,迫使其从事违背职业道德的行径,而员工们则不得不在恪守新闻伦理与满足雇主诉求之间艰难斡旋,寻求微妙的平衡。”