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A Century of Voluntary Ethics Codes: Editors Revamp Them for the AI Era

A Century of Voluntary Ethics Codes: Editors Revamp Them for the AI Era

C1๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

September 1st, 2026

A Century of Voluntary Ethics Codes: Editors Revamp Them for the AI Era

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

A glance into the quieter corners of a newsroom often reveals a document affixed to the bulletin board.

๋‰ด์Šค๋ฃธ์˜ ํ•œ์ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ข…์ข… ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

It may well be discreetly visible behind the coffee pot: the Code of Ethics of the Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ).

์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ปคํ”ผํฌํŠธ ๋’คํŽธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์€๊ทผํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์–ธ๋ก ์ธํ˜‘ํšŒ(SPJ)์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

This code, comprising fewer than a thousand words, is concise enough to be neatly presented on a single poster.

์ด ๊ฐ•๋ น์€ 1,000๋‹จ์–ด์—๋„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹จ ํ•œ ์žฅ์˜ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์— ์ •๊ฐˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ก๋  ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค.

Yet, as Dan Axelrod asserts, these words, structured around four core journalistic principles, are significant enough to rescue our democracy.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ„ ์•ก์…€๋กœ๋“œ(Dan Axelrod)๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์–ธํ•˜๊ฑด๋Œ€, ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์›์น™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"Let me put it plainly," says Axelrod, chair of the SPJ Ethics Committee and a longtime business journalist for Gannett.

"๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  SPJ ์œค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์œ„์›์žฅ์ด์ž ์ง€๋‹ˆํŠธ(Gannett)์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ์ž ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ ์•ก์…€๋กœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"This is how we safeguard democracy. This is how we protect society. A society without journalists can be said to be devoid of divine grace."

"์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์‹ ์˜ ์€์ด์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

Axelrod not only addresses the existence of the code itself but also the occasional necessity of revising it.

์•ก์…€๋กœ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ น์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์ž์ฒด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

This is by no means a straightforward process, demanding numerous meetings and feedbackโ€”both online and in personโ€”over the course of roughly a year.

์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ„๋‹จ์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ์„œ, ๋Œ€๋žต 1๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์˜์™€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ(์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋ฉด)์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

However, as the media landscape evolves daily and new technologies continually emerge, the SPJ concluded that the time had come.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‚ ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, SPJ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

This marks the first such revision in twelve years and constitutes only the sixth momentous decision in the code's century-long history.

์ด๋Š” 12๋…„ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ผ์ด์ž, ๊ฐ•๋ น์˜ 100๋…„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‹จ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Given the significance of this undertaking, the committee and other media ethics experts convened in Indianapolis in June after a series of online meetings.

์ด ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์œค๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ 6์›”์— ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์— ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

It hardly seemed the most comfortable way to spend a weekend.

์ฃผ๋ง์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"The enthusiasm has certainly intensified," Axelrod remarks.

"์—ด์ •์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ก์…€๋กœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"Well, it never came to fisticuffs," says his colleague, committee vice-chair, and University of Alabama journalism professor Chris Roberts, in a jesting tone.

"๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ฃผ๋จน๋‹ค์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ด์ž ์œ„์›ํšŒ ๋ถ€์œ„์›์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•จ๋ผ๋ฐฐ๋งˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ (Chris Roberts)๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด ์„ž์ธ ์–ด์กฐ๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

He explains, "It was mostly a matter of intense negotiation over word choices."

๊ทธ๋Š” "์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์น˜์—ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

In the end, no white smoke emerged, but a draft platform totaling 967 words was produced, which turned out to be 73 words longer than the previous draft.

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์—ฐ(็™ฝ็…™)์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด 967๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์•ˆ ๊ฐ•๋ น์ด ๋‚˜์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ดˆ์•ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค 73๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

So why is the update being carried out?

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?

The first reason, unsurprisingly, can be found in the rapid rise of artificial intelligence.

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

"We were contemplating artificial intelligence and how it is being utilized, and at times misused, within news organizations," Roberts remarks.

"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‰ด์Šค ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ , ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"They are confronted with emerging technologies that offer the advantage of cost reduction, yet, if not deployed effectively and ethically, could give rise to considerable complications."

"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

Another contentious issue concerns the very validity of the term 'professional journalist.'

๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Ÿ์ ์€ '์ „๋ฌธ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

In recent years, the number of independent practitionersโ€”so-called 'creator journalists'โ€”has grown substantially, prompting the SPJ to adopt the stance that these individuals, too, require a code of ethics to which they must adhere.

์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” 'ํฌ๋ฆฌ์—์ดํ„ฐ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ'๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜๋ฉด์„œ, SPJ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(Of course, as is always the case, the code remains a voluntary set of guidelines and cannot be enforced.)

(๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ•๋ น์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ์ง€์นจ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.)

One central objective is to address the existential crisis facing this fieldโ€”namely, the public's lack of trust in the media.

ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‹ค์กด์  ์œ„๊ธฐ, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

"We are discussing a society in which we no longer trust one another as we once did," Roberts remarks.

"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒํผ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"We are referring to politicians and other figures who deliberately attack a press that does not hesitate to point out their shortcomings.

"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, the journalism industry has undergone a significant financial transformation, and a third of journalists no longer belong to traditional news organizations.

ํ•œํŽธ, ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ๋“ค์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋‰ด์Šค ์กฐ์ง์— ๋ชธ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"All of this and more provides ample grounds for reconsideration," he says.

"์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.

"And it serves as a reminder to people that whether they call themselves journalists or work on any platform, there are standards that should serve as benchmarks."

"๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋“ , ์–ด๋–ค ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋“ , ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."

With approximately 4,000 members nationwide, the SPJ was founded in 1909.

์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 4,000๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์›์„ ๋‘” SPJ๋Š” 1909๋…„์— ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

It adopted its first code of ethics in 1926, established an ethics committee in 1948, and has revised the code five times โ€” the most recent being in 2014.

1926๋…„์— ์ฒซ ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , 1948๋…„์— ์œค๋ฆฌ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€ 2014๋…„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Four core principles remain unchanged: "Seek truth and report it." "Minimize harm." "Act independently." "Be accountable and transparent."

๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์น™: "์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋ผ." "ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ผ." "๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ผ." "์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ผ."

Yet beyond that, much else has undergone transformation.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€๋ชจํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

The report accompanying the draft points out that, as the industry contracts, employment in traditional newsrooms is on a downward trajectory.

์ดˆ์•ˆ์— ๋™๋ด‰๋œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์œ„์ถ•๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ํ†ต์  ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฃธ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

It also notes that the rise of citizen journalists, freelancers, online influencers, and commentators has become conspicuously evident.

๋™์‹œ์— ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ธฐ์ž, ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์–ธ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.

The report cites a Pew Research study indicating that, as of 2023, one in three journalists was a freelancer or self-employed.

ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” 2023๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ 3๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์˜์—…์ž์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ํ“จ ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

It also points to the shrinking of news media serving as watchdogs, as well as "individuals, organizations, and private investors without a journalism background buying or launching news outlets to influence news coverage, sway editorial decisions, and advance personal agendas."

๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‹œ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค ๋งค์ฒด์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์กฐ์ง, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‰ด์Šค ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ด์–ด์„œ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ณด๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ , ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์„ ์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

SPJ emphasizes that the rapid proliferation of generative AI and other emerging technologies โ€” in journalism as in other fields โ€” raises ethical concerns.

SPJ๋Š” ์ƒ์„ฑํ˜• AI ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹ ํฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด โ€” ๋‰ด์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

Consequently, a new clause was added: "Bear in mind that speed, technology, or the medium cannot excuse inaccuracy or unfairness. Journalists bear ethical responsibility for their work regardless of the tools and technologies employed."

๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค: "์†๋„, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ •ํ•จ์„ ๋ณ€๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜๋ผ. ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง„๋‹ค."

In other words, whatever AI may articulate, the ultimate responsibility ultimately rests with the journalist.

๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, AI๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•˜๋“  ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ท€์†๋œ๋‹ค.

Roberts states, "We do not want people to use technology as an excuse for failing to produce ethically and transparently."

๋กœ๋ฒ„์ธ ๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ณ€๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

However, the proposed draft, which is slated to undergo the current feedback-gathering process before being put to a broader organizational vote in October, has been designed to maintain its relevance even as technological progress unfolds, by employing only the encompassing terms of tools and technology rather than explicitly referring to artificial intelligence.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜๋ ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์˜ค๋Š” 10์›”์— ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํ‘œ๊ฒฐ์— ๋ถ€์น  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์  ์šฉ์–ด๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฌ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Furthermore, the draft also broadly addresses a range of issues, including verification procedures, the dissemination of false information, crime reporting, and manipulated images.

์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ดˆ์•ˆ์€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด ์œ ํฌ, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋ณด๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ž‘๋œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

A notable addition โ€” and one that has sparked considerable controversy โ€” is this very clause: "Be vigilant and courageous in holding those in power accountable. Fight against the unjust marginalization of those with less power."

์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ โ€” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ โ€” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์ ์€ ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค."

What is intriguing lies in what it replaces.

ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.

The original text explicitly states, "Give a voice to the voiceless," yet this phrasing has been called into question for presupposing that certain groups inherently lack a voice.

์›๋ฌธ์€ "๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์—†๋Š” ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Committee member Eric Deggans puts it this way: "It's not that they lack a voice. The issue is that mainstream news outlets all too often overlook that voice, or fail even to acknowledge its existence."

์œ„์›ํšŒ ์œ„์› ์—๋ฆญ ๋ฐ๊ฑด์Šค(Eric Deggans)๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋‰ด์Šค ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

"That was the core message we aimed to convey," says Deggans, an NPR critic and professor of media ethics at Washington and Lee University.

"๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,"๋ผ๊ณ  NPR์˜ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ์•ค ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ ๋ฐ๊ฑด์Šค๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"There is an awareness that certain groups are liable to be marginalized in news coverage... and that journalists should make a concerted effort to include them when they are pertinent, particularly when doing so could enhance the accuracy of the story."

"๋‰ด์Šค ๋ณด๋„์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™”๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

Given the industry's evolution, one might pose a broader question: can a single code of conduct suit everyone?

์—…๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ น์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งž์„๊นŒ์š”?

And will it gain widespread acceptance?

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์„๊นŒ์š”?

"We must not shy away from it," responds Chris Vaccaro, the current president of SPJ.

"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ SPJ ํšŒ์žฅ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฐ”์นด๋กœ(Chris Vaccaro)๋Š” ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"Not merely because the industry is evolving or because the very notion of who constitutes a journalist is undergoing transformation."

"์—…๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

Vaccaro is confident that this code, translated into multiple languages, will gain widespread acceptance.

๋ฐ”์นด๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ น์ด ํญ๋„“์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

He notes that the newsroom bulletin board is now global in scope.

๊ทธ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฃธ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.

"We will not operate on the assumption that nobody uses it, nobody cares about it, or that journalism has changed so drastically that it no longer matters," says Bakaro.

"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์šด์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์นด๋กœ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"It still matters."

"๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

Degens states that he teaches two ethics courses, in both of which the SPJ Code is studied.

๋ฐ๊ฑด์Šค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ SPJ ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Beyond training aspiring journalists, however, the Code serves a far broader purpose.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„, ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ น์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

"If you are running a newsroom in a country that has endured decades of authoritarian rule or has little history of a free press, how would you know how the system actually operates? You turn to the SPJ Code, don't you?"

"์˜ค๋žœ ์„ธ์›” ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์œ  ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฒœํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฐ”๋กœ SPJ ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"

Degens is urging more practicing journalists to scrutinize the code closely.

๋ฐ๊ฑด์Šค๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„์ง ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

And others have this to say: "We hope that some of those who own journalism outlets will scrutinize the code.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์ˆ™๋…ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

All too often, they compel their staff to engage in unethical practices, leaving employees in the dilemma of having to find ways to satisfy their employers' demands while adhering to journalistic ethics."

๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์›๋“ค์€ ์–ธ๋ก  ์œค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."

September 1st, 2026

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