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Why bond yields are climbing, and why it matters to you

Why bond yields are climbing, and why it matters to you

C1🇨🇳 中文 → 🇺🇸 English

September 24th, 2026

Why bond yields are climbing, and why it matters to you

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

Almost everyone will feel the impact of what is happening in the bond market, no matter how distant and abstract it may seem.

几乎每个人都会感受到债券市场正在发生的事情所带来的影响,无论它看起来多么遥远和抽象。

Bond yields have surged to their highest level in about two decades, affecting everyone who needs to borrow money.

债券收益率已跃升至约二十年来的最高水平,这影响到所有需要借钱的人。

This includes both those who are struggling and feeling discouraged under high inflation, and businesses hoping to build data centers for artificial intelligence technology.

这既包括那些在高通胀下苦苦挣扎、感到气馁的人,也包括希望为人工智能技术建造数据中心的企业。

High yields can even have ripple effects on those who do not borrow money.

高收益率甚至会对那些并不借贷的人产生波及效应。

For savers, this means they can earn more generous interest returns by allocating their cash to bonds or high-yield savings accounts.

对储蓄者而言,这意味着他们能够通过将现金配置于债券或高收益储蓄账户来获取更为丰厚的利息回报。

At the same time, this may also put downward pressure on the value of stocks held in 401(k) accounts.

与此同时,这也可能对401(k)账户中所持股票的价值形成下行压力。

For all American taxpayers, however, higher yields may mean that their federal government pays more interest, since it must continually borrow cash to bridge the vast gap between its spending and its revenue.

而对所有美国纳税人来说,更高的收益率可能导致他们的联邦政府支付更高的利息,因为政府必须不断借入现金,以填补其支出与收入之间的巨大缺口。

This will leave less money for everything else.

这将留给其他一切事情的资金更少。

The following will examine the situation currently unfolding, as well as the implications it carries:

以下将审视当前正在发生的事态,以及其所蕴含的意义:

When governments or large corporations need funds, they typically do not apply to banks for loans; instead, they sell IOUs to investors and promise to repay the money at a certain interest rate.

当政府或大型企业需要资金时,它们通常不会向银行申请贷款,而是向投资者出售借据,并承诺按一定利率偿还这笔钱。

IOUs that are repaid after many years are called bonds.

多年后偿还的借据被称为债券。

After bonds are issued, investors buy and sell these IOUs on the bond market.

投资者在债券发行之后于债券市场上买卖这些借据。

If a bond starts to appear less attractive—for instance, when concerns about inflation intensify—buyers can then purchase a bond that was previously worth $100 for less than $100.

倘若债券开始显得不那么具有吸引力——譬如当人们对通胀的担忧加剧时——买家便能以低于100美元的价格购得一张早先价值100美元的债券。

Even if the bond's price falls, its coupon payments remain unchanged.

即便债券价格出现下跌,其票息支付仍维持不变。

This means that, expressed as a percentage, the return a new buyer can obtain from the money invested will be higher than the interest rate the bond pays at face value.

这就意味着,以百分比计算,新买家从其投入资金中所能获取的回报,将高于债券按面值所支付的利率。

Such payments are known as the bond's yield.

此类支付便被称为债券的收益率。

In other words, when bond prices fall, their yields rise.

换句话说,债券价格下跌时,其收益率上升。

The reverse is also true.

反之亦然。

At the heart of the bond market lies US Treasury bonds, essentially IOUs that the US government sells in order to borrow money.

债券市场的核心是美国国债,即美国政府为借钱而出售的借据。

The yield on US Treasury bonds serves as the benchmark against which interest rates on most other types of borrowing are set.

美国国债的收益率是大多数其他类型借款利率所依据的基准。

For example, for a prospective homebuyer, the interest rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is typically equal to the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note, plus a modest or substantial markup, depending on how good or poor their credit score is.

例如,对于有意购房者而言,其30年期固定抵押贷款的利率通常等于10年期美国国债的收益率,再加上一定或较大幅度的加点,具体取决于其信用评分的优劣。

The U.S. Treasury market consists of several segments, ranging from short-term Treasury bills that mature in a matter of days to bonds that are repaid after 30 years.

美国国债市场由多个部分组成,从数日后到期的短期国库券到30年后偿还的债券。

Each segment influences different types of loans, whether it is how much savers can earn from a 12-month certificate of deposit or how much interest a company must pay to borrow money to expand its factory.

每个部分都影响不同种类的贷款,无论是储蓄者能从12个月定期存单中赚多少,还是公司为扩大工厂借钱要支付多少利息。

Different segments of the bond market do not always move in sync, but these days they are all rising.

债券市场的不同部分并不总是同步变动,但如今它们都在上升。

On Thursday, the yield on the 10-year US Treasury note climbed to nearly 5.18%, returning to levels last seen in 2007 — that is, before the 2008 financial crisis and the Great Recession drove yields down to zero.

周四,10年期美国国债收益率攀升至近5.18%,回升至2007年的水平,即2008年金融危机和大衰退将收益率推至零之前的水平。

Affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, this figure once fell below 0.50% in 2020 and has been climbing steadily ever since.

受新冠疫情影响,该数值在2020年曾跌破0.50%,此后持续攀升。

However, since the end of February, its rise has accelerated, as the war with Iran has sharply driven up oil prices and intensified inflation concerns.

然而自2月底以来,随着与伊朗的战争大幅推高油价并加剧通胀担忧,其上升速度有所加快。

Before the United States and Israel attacked Iran, the 10-year yield stood at just 3.97%.

在美国和以色列袭击伊朗之前,10年期收益率仅为3.97%。

This increase has pushed the average rate on long-term US mortgages to 7% for the first time since early 2025, making it even harder for prospective homebuyers to afford a home.

这一攀升已使美国长期抵押贷款平均利率自2025年初以来首次达到7%,令潜在购房者更难以负担一套住房。

This has also dampened the upward momentum of the US stock market, which earlier this week had come close to returning to its record high.

这也削弱了美国股市的上涨势头,而本周早些时候,股市曾接近重回历史高点。

Rising US Treasury yields tend to push down the prices of all kinds of investments, from stocks to gold to cryptocurrencies.

美国国债收益率上升会压低从股票到黄金再到加密货币等各类投资的价格。

The logic is this: when US Treasuries offer higher yields than usual, why pay a high price for investments that are riskier or pay no dividends?

其逻辑是:当美国国债的收益率高于以往时,为何还要为风险更高或零股息的投资支付高价?

The recent climb in US Treasury yields can largely be attributed to rising oil prices and mounting inflation concerns.

近期美国国债收益率的攀升,在很大程度上可归因于油价的上扬以及通胀忧虑的加剧。

When inflation remains stubbornly high, a dollar next year will buy less than a dollar does today.

当通胀居高不下时,明年1美元的购买力将不及今日的1美元。

Since bonds typically pay a fixed amount of interest over the coming years, this makes inflation a major risk.

而债券往往在未来数年间支付固定数额的利息,这便使通胀成为一项重大风险。

Meanwhile, governments around the world continue to accumulate ever more debt.

与此同时,全球各国政府仍在不断累积更多债务。

This means they issue more bonds in order to borrow, and a steadily rising supply drives their prices down.

这意味着它们发行更多债券来借款,而供应持续增加会压低其价格。

All the bonds issued by large companies to build AI data centres and expand their operations in other ways have had the same effect.

大公司为建造AI数据中心和以其他方式扩张业务而发行的所有债券,也产生了同样的效果。

US Treasury yields have risen, partly because the American economy still appears so robust despite the many challenges it faces.

美国国债收益率上升,部分原因在于,尽管面临诸多挑战,美国经济看起来仍如此稳健。

For instance, a preliminary report on Wednesday showed that US business activity growth had surged to its strongest level in more than five years, after which Treasury yields received a boost.

例如,周三一份初步报告显示美国商业活动增长飙升至五年多来最强水平,此后美国国债收益率受到提振。

Data of this kind may convince the Federal Reserve that the economy is strong enough to withstand further increases in the very short-term interest rate it directly controls.

这类数据可能让美联储相信,经济足够强劲,可以承受其直接控制的极短期利率进一步上调。

Last week, the Fed raised the federal funds rate for the first time since 2023, hoping to slow the economy and remove some of the fuel behind inflation.

美联储上周自2023年以来首次上调联邦基金利率,希望放缓经济并消除部分通胀燃料。

Traders are betting that the Fed will raise rates again this year and next, and this expectation has already pushed up yields on shorter-term US Treasury bonds.

交易员押注美联储将在今年和明年再次加息,这一预期已推高较短期限美国国债收益率。

The US Treasury market is not the only one where yields are rising.

收益率上升的并非只有美国国债市场。

Yields are climbing worldwide as investors witness mounting debt burdens and inflation across continents.

随着投资者目睹各大洲债务负担和通胀不断攀升,全球收益率都在上升。

The German 10-year yield has long been regarded as one of Europe's safest places to lend, and at nearly 3.60% it has now returned to its 2008 level.

德国10年期收益率长期以来一直被视为欧洲最安全的放贷去处之一,目前接近3.60%,已回到2008年的水平。

Earlier this month, the European Central Bank raised its own interest rates in an effort to slow inflation.

欧洲央行本月早些时候上调了自身的利率,以期放缓通胀。

Japan's 10-year yield currently stands at 3.08%, a shift that can only be described as enormous when compared with the negative yields seen in 2020, when officials were attempting to stimulate the economy.

日本10年期收益率目前为3.08%,与2020年官员试图刺激经济时曾出现的负收益率相比,这一变化堪称巨大。

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