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From "Freeing Your Hands" to "Freeing Your Eyes": How General Motors Achieves Autonomous Driving Through Simulation

From "Freeing Your Hands" to "Freeing Your Eyes": How General Motors Achieves Autonomous Driving Through Simulation

C1🇨🇳 中文 → 🇺🇸 English

October 12th, 2026

From "Freeing Your Hands" to "Freeing Your Eyes": How General Motors Achieves Autonomous Driving Through Simulation

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

At General Motors' Global Technical Center in Warren, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, hundreds of volunteer real-world drivers get behind the wheel of the Cadillac Lyriq electric vehicle or other popular GM models, where they experience a variety of situations inside the cabin: routine road driving, uphill and downhill stretches, construction zones, rain, nearby traffic, and other scenarios.

在底特律郊区的密歇根州沃伦市,通用汽车全球技术中心内,数百名志愿的真实驾驶员坐进凯迪拉克Lyriq电动汽车或其他热门通用车型,在车内体验各类情境:常规道路驾驶、上下坡、施工、降雨、附近交通及其他场景。

However, although the vehicles themselves are real, the world that the drivers perceive is not.

然而,尽管车辆本身是真实的,驾驶员所感知的世界却并非如此。

They are in fact inside a simulator — a 360-degree immersive environment in which every eye movement, cardiac stress response, episode of sweating, and other reaction is compared against countless driving tests.

他们实际上身处一个模拟器之中——一个360度沉浸式环境,在这里,他们的每一次眼球运动、心脏压力、出汗以及其他反应都会与无数驾驶测试进行比对。

Here, GM is testing not only the vehicle technology itself but also how human drivers respond inside the vehicle.

在这里,通用汽车在测试车辆技术本身的同时,也在测试人类驾驶员在车辆中的反应。

This kind of simulation is precisely how General Motors — as well as other car manufacturers — tests future iterations of its advanced driver assistance systems.

这种仿真模拟正是通用汽车——以及其他汽车制造商——测试其高级驾驶辅助系统未来迭代版本的方式。

This technology, also known as ADAS, has so far supported well-known vehicle features such as automatic emergency braking, blind spot warnings, lane departure warnings, lane centering assistance, surround-view cameras, driver attention monitoring, and more.

这项技术也称为ADAS,迄今为止已支持众所周知的车辆功能,如自动紧急制动、盲点警告、车道偏离警告、车道居中辅助、环视摄像头、驾驶员注意力监测等。

These features allow drivers to take their hands off the wheel in certain situations, especially on highways.

这些功能使得驾驶员在特定情形下得以“解放双手”,在高速公路上尤为如此。

Carmakers anticipate that these systems will eventually reach such an advanced level that drivers can remain safe even with their hands off the wheel and their eyes off the road.

汽车制造商预计,这些系统终将发展到极为先进的水平,以至于驾驶员可以在双手脱离方向盘、视线离开道路的情况下仍能确保安全。

However, this contest is not merely about the technology itself, but about the rewards—and those rewards are not to be underestimated.

然而,这场角逐不仅关乎技术本身,更关乎回报,而回报之丰厚不容小觑。

Carmakers that master the most cutting-edge technology will attract more consumers to subscribe to these features, thereby making autonomous driving a highly profitable business for the industry.

掌握最尖端技术的汽车制造商将吸引更多消费者订阅这些功能,从而使自动驾驶成为该行业一项利润可观的业务。

"Achieving 'eyes-off' is truly a turning point, and consumers will be more willing to pay for this feature, because once 'eyes-off' is achieved, you can genuinely give some time back to the driver, since they no longer have to keep their eyes on the road the whole time," said Sam Abuelsamid, vice president of market research at Telemetry.

“实现‘解放双眼’确实是一个转折点,消费者将更愿意为此功能付费,因为一旦实现‘解放双眼’,你便真有可能把部分时间还给驾驶员,因为他们不必始终关注道路,”Telemetry公司市场研究副总裁Sam Abuelsamid说。

"That is precisely where they see a genuine value proposition."

“这正是他们看到真正价值主张的地方。”

General Motors says its version will become a reality in 2028, when it will introduce the next-generation Super Cruise on the Cadillac Escalade IQ, a luxury electric SUV.

通用汽车表示,其版本将在2028年成为可能,届时它将在凯迪拉克Escalade IQ豪华电动运动型多用途车上推出下一代Super Cruise。

Other companies are following close behind.

其他公司也紧随其后。

"2028 is a rough timeframe by which many companies will be aiming to launch such systems—systems capable of operating on highways," Abuelsamid added, "and on a far broader range of roads than many of the systems we see today."

“2028年是一个大致的时间节点,届时众多公司都将以推出此类系统为目标——这些系统能够在高速公路上运行,”Abuelsamid补充道,“并且能够在远比我们今天所见的许多系统更为广泛的道路上运行。”

Since 2017, General Motors has been selling vehicles equipped with Super Cruise.

自2017年起,通用汽车便已开始销售搭载Super Cruise的车辆。

Super Cruise is a hands-free driver-assistance system — note that it is not autonomous driving — and its coverage extends to more than 630,000 roads in the United States and Canada, and even more widely in other parts of the world.

Super Cruise是一套可解放双手的辅助驾驶系统——须留意,它并非自动驾驶——其适用范围涵盖美国与加拿大逾63万条道路,在世界其他地区则更为广泛。

"You can take your hands off the wheel while keeping your eyes on the road, yet safely enjoy a more relaxed drive on those everyday commuting routes," said Tyson Becker, executive director of autonomous vehicle strategy and product at General Motors.

“你可以双手离开方向盘,同时保持双眼关注道路,但在那些日常通勤道路上安全享受更减压的驾驶,”通用汽车自动驾驶汽车战略与产品执行总监Tyson Becker说。

At present, more than 20 different models across General Motors' four major brands—Cadillac, GMC, Buick, and Chevrolet—are already equipped with this technology.

目前,通用汽车旗下四大品牌——凯迪拉克、GMC、别克与雪佛兰——已有逾20款不同车型搭载了这项技术。

The automaker plans to further expand the lineup of models equipped with Super Cruise over the coming years, with its ultimate goal being to introduce the next generation of Super Cruise—a cutting-edge technology that enables safe "eyes-off" driving.

该汽车制造商计划于未来数年进一步拓展配备Super Cruise的车型阵容,其终极目标则是推出下一代Super Cruise,即一项能够实现安全“解放双眼”驾驶的前沿技术。

"We're talking about a technology that is genuinely safe, one that allows you to take your eyes off the road while the system is engaged and do other things inside the cabin — whether that's looking at your phone, working on a laptop, attending a meeting, or watching a movie," Becker added.

“我们谈论的是一种真正安全的技术,它让你在系统启用时可以双眼离开道路,并在车厢内做其他事情,无论是看手机、看笔记本电脑、开会,还是看电影,”Becker补充道。

One of the most formidable challenges in developing autonomous driving technology lies in anticipating the endless stream of unexpected situations on the road and enabling vehicles to respond to them promptly.

开发自动驾驶技术所面临的最严峻的挑战之一,在于如何预判道路上层出不穷的突发状况,并令车辆对其作出及时响应。

This could mean a dog, a deer, or even a child suddenly darting into the road; a detour that the navigation app failed to anticipate; or an unexpected construction zone.

这可能意味着一只狗、一头鹿,乃至一个孩子骤然冲上道路;导航应用未能预见的绕行路线;抑或突如其来的施工区域。

The driver—or, in this case, the technology—must be capable of recognizing that the surrounding environment has changed and responding in a safe manner.

驾驶员——或者在这种情况下,技术——必须具备识别周边环境已然改变的能力,并以安全的方式作出反应。

This is precisely the area where simulation—combined with data collection and artificial intelligence—can prove its worth to a considerable extent.

这恰恰在很大程度上,正是模拟——结合数据收集与人工智能——得以发挥其效用的领域。

In General Motors' simulation, drivers of varying experience levels take the driver's seat and are confronted with a multitude of computer-generated scenarios set on highways or in urban landscapes, populated with other "humans" and road signs.

在通用汽车的模拟中,不同经验水平的驾驶员坐进驾驶位,在高速公路或城市景观中面对大量由计算机生成的场景,其中充满其他“人类”和道路标识。

"We really want to be able to cover any situation customers might encounter on the road," said Maureen August, a senior manager in research and development at General Motors.

“我们确实希望能够涵盖客户在道路上可能遭遇的任何情形,”通用汽车研发高级经理Maureen August表示。

While participants drive in the simulator, GM monitors key data points in an adjacent control room, such as heart rate, stress, the driver's gaze direction, how long they fixate on a particular section of the road, and the way they pay attention to the road.

当参与者在模拟器中驾驶时,通用汽车会在邻近的控制室监测关键数据点,例如心率、压力、驾驶员的视线方向、他们在道路某一部分的注视时长,以及他们关注道路的方式。

To this day, one of the best ways to test whether a driver is paying attention is to invite them to play Candy Crush.

时至今日,检验驾驶员注意力是否集中的最佳手段之一,莫过于邀请其游玩《糖果传奇》。

"We found that this is extremely effective at getting people to fully engage and strive for the highest score," August said.

“我们发现,这对于促使人们全身心投入并力争最高分而言极为有效,”August表示。

"It's a brilliant strategy: first it draws you in, and then you have to be pulled back from whatever task you were doing."

“这是一种绝佳的策略:先吸引你参与其中,随后又不得不将你从某项任务中抽离回来。”

After the participants finished driving, they were asked about their feelings, how they understood the system, and whether it was intuitive.

在参与者完成驾驶之后,他们会被问及自身的感受、对系统的理解方式,以及该系统是否具备直观性。

General Motors also looked at several other factors, including comfort, how easy certain functions were to operate, whether drivers considered the system trustworthy, and how many seconds it took for a driver to fully take over a moving vehicle.

通用汽车还关注其他若干因素,包括舒适性、某些功能在操作上的便捷程度、驾驶员是否认为该系统值得信赖,以及驾驶员需要耗费多少秒才能完全接管一辆正在行驶中的车辆。

"We strive to ensure that you can respond effectively, and that we issue a warning early enough for you to take over when necessary," August said.

“我们力求确保你能够有效响应,并确保我们提前足够早地发出警报,以便你在需要时接管,”August说。

"But at the same time, we also want to ensure that if you feel comfortable and the vehicle is capable enough, you won't take over, but rather let the vehicle do what it is capable of doing."

“但与此同时,我们也想确保,如果你感到舒适且车辆具备相应能力,你不会接管,而是让车辆去做它有能力做的事情。”

Today, numerous automakers are racing to deploy hands-free driving technology, and Ford's BlueCruise stands out as one of the more well-known examples.

如今,众多汽车制造商正竞相部署解放双手的驾驶技术,其中福特的BlueCruise堪称较为知名的范例之一。

BlueCruise is available on Ford vehicles equipped with the technology, usable on more than 130,000 miles of designated roads across North America.

BlueCruise可在搭载该技术的福特车辆上,于北美逾13万英里的特定道路上使用。

Tesla has branded the technology used in its vehicles as "Full Self-Driving", yet the technology still cannot function without human supervision.

特斯拉将其车辆所采用的技术冠名为“Full Self-Driving”,然而该技术仍离不开人类的监督。

As for more advanced systems, no mass-produced passenger car currently offers 'eyes-off' technology — however, some tech companies are already providing commercial autonomous robotaxi services in certain cities.

至于更先进的系统,目前尚无任何量产乘用车具备“解放双眼”技术——不过,一些科技公司已在部分城市提供自动驾驶商业机器人出租车服务。

In recent years, several car companies have introduced light driving systems for a limited market—far smaller in scale yet far more complex in structure—but these systems have since all been discontinued.

近年来,多家汽车公司曾针对有限的市场推出规模远为有限、结构却更为复杂的轻型驾驶系统,然而这些系统随后均已被叫停。

Experts point out that, beyond the technical challenges, regulatory obstacles are equally significant and must not be overlooked.

专家指出,除技术层面的挑战之外,监管方面的障碍同样不容忽视。

"Nowadays, there isn't much regulation that truly governs these systems," said Abuelsamid of Telemetry.

“如今,真正规范这些系统的监管并不多,”Telemetry的Abuelsamid说。

"As a result, carmakers essentially obtain approval state by state to determine where they can operate these systems."

“因此,汽车制造商基本上是逐州获得批准,以确定他们可以在哪里运行这些系统。”

Therefore, he said, "It remains to be seen exactly where GM will be able to offer its 'eyes-off' system in 2028."

因此,他说道,“通用汽车究竟能在2028年于何地提供其‘解放双眼’系统,尚有待观察。”

Ultimately, the reason carmakers are racing to adopt more advanced technology is both to make their vehicles more appealing and to profit from the subscription fees customers pay for in-car technology.

归根结底,汽车制造商之所以争相采用更先进的技术,既是为了增强车辆的吸引力,也是为了从客户为车载技术支付的订阅费中获利。

Abuelsamid said the key to this competition is "offering enough convenience and safety that consumers are willing to pay a recurring fee to use it... so that drivers can do things like watch videos, read books, send texts—without having to keep their eyes on the road."

Abuelsamid说,这场竞争的关键是“提供足够的便利性和安全性,让消费者愿意支付经常性费用来使用它……这样驾驶员就可以做一些事情,比如看视频、读书、发短信——而不必一直盯着道路。”

Alexa St. John is a journalist who has long specialized in the climate field.

Alexa St. John 系一名深耕气候领域的记者。

To follow her reporting, you can follow her X account: @alexa_stjohn.

欲追踪其报道动态,可关注其 X 账号:@alexa_stjohn。

If you wish to get in touch, please contact her at [email protected].

如需接洽,敬请通过 [email protected] 与她取得联系。

October 12th, 2026

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