"They have their banks here, the Canadian banks, all their big banks — those grand and imposing institutions.
特朗普:“他们在我们这里设有他们的银行,加拿大银行,他们所有的大型银行——那些庞大而气派的银行。
I believe they operate six or seven major banks on our soil.
我认为他们在此地拥有六七家主要银行。
Yet we do not have a single bank established in their territory.
而我们却没有一家银行设在他们那里。
Do you know the reason behind this?
你知道缘由何在吗?
Because they do not permit it."
因为他们不允许。”
In fact, according to a spokesperson for the Canadian Bankers Association, fifteen U.S. banks currently operate in Canada as branches or subsidiaries.
事实:据加拿大银行家协会发言人所述,目前共有15家美国银行以分行或子公司的形式在加拿大境内运营。
Experts note that while certain regulatory constraints may pose challenges for U.S. banks competing in the Canadian market, they remain free to enter it.
专家指出,尽管某些监管限制可能令美国银行在加拿大市场竞争中面临挑战,但它们仍可自由进入该市场。
According to the latest Federal Reserve data, eight Canadian banks conduct business in the United States.
依据美联储最新数据,有8家加拿大银行在美国开展业务。
The Bank of Canada is not among them — as Canada's central bank, it functions analogously to the U.S. Federal Reserve, rather than as a commercial bank.
加拿大银行并不在此列——它作为加拿大的中央银行,职能上相当于美国的美联储,而非商业银行。
James Thompson, a finance professor at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, points out: "I believe that some of the confusion stems from the differences in the regulatory frameworks between the United States and Canada.
加拿大安大略省滑铁卢大学的金融学教授詹姆斯·汤普森指出:“我认为,部分困惑源于美加两国监管框架的差异。
While American banks are indeed permitted to operate in Canada, the manner in which they enter the Canadian market can constrain the scope of their operations."
美国银行固然获准在加拿大运营,但它们进入加拿大市场的方式会限制其业务范围。”
Canada's banking system can be classified into three broad categories—Schedule I, Schedule II, and Schedule III.
加拿大的银行业体系可划分为三大类别——附表I、附表II及附表III。
Among these, Schedule I encompasses domestically incorporated financial institutions.
其中,附表I囊括了本土注册的金融机构。
Within this category, six major banks hold sway, their combined assets being so vast that they surpass the aggregate assets of the remaining twenty-eight smaller banks.
在该类别中,六家主要银行占据主导地位,其资产总额之巨,竟超越了其余二十八家规模较小银行资产的总和。
Foreign entities may opt to operate as Schedule II or Schedule III banks.
外国实体可选择以附表II或附表III银行的身份开展运营。
Schedule II banks are foreign subsidiaries registered in Canada, and their operations largely adhere to the same regulatory framework as that governing domestic banks.
附表II银行系在加拿大注册的外国子公司,其运作基本遵循与国内银行相同的监管框架。
Schedule III banks, by contrast, are branches established in Canada by foreign banks; since such institutions are not registered in Canada, they are subject to more stringent regulatory constraints, such as higher minimum deposit thresholds.
附表III银行则为外国银行在加拿大设立的分行,此类机构未在加拿大注册,因而须受诸如最低存款额设限较高等监管约束。
The majority of US-owned banks operate in Canada in the form of Schedule III institutions.
美国所持银行多数以附表III机构的形态在加拿大运营。
Nathalie Bergeron, spokesperson for the Canadian Bankers Association, noted that the total assets held by American bank branches and subsidiaries operating within Canada amount to approximately 124 billion Canadian dollars (equivalent to 90.1 billion US dollars), a figure that accounts for more than half of the aggregate assets held by all foreign bank subsidiaries and branches.
加拿大银行家协会发言人娜塔莉·伯格龙指出,在加拿大境内运营的美国银行分支及附属机构所持有的总资产规模约为1,240亿加元(折合901亿美元),这一数额占据了所有外资银行附属机构及分支所持资产总额的一半以上。
She noted: "These financial institutions are committed to delivering a comprehensive suite of financial services, spanning corporate lending and commercial credit, treasury management, credit card products, investment banking, and mortgage financing.
她指出:“这些金融机构致力于提供全面的金融服务,涵盖企业贷款与商业信贷、资金管理、信用卡产品、投资银行业务及抵押贷款融资等范畴。
They cater not only to clients engaged in cross-border commercial activities but also address the demands of Canada's domestic retail market."
它们不仅服务于从事跨境商业活动的客户群体,同时也兼顾加拿大本土零售市场的需求。”
Both Schedule II and Schedule III banks are subject to the constraints of Canada's banking regulatory framework.
附表II和附表III类银行均受加拿大银行业监管框架的制约。
Jeremy Kronick, President and Chief Executive Officer of the C.D. Howe Institute in Canada and an expert in financial and monetary policy, explains that Schedule III banks are prohibited from accepting deposits below $150,000 (approximately $72,529), which means most individuals cannot use them as retail banks.
加拿大C.D.豪威研究所总裁兼首席执行官、金融与货币政策专家杰里米·克罗尼克解释,附表III类银行不得接受低于15万美元(约合72,529美元)的存款,这意味着大多数人无法将其用作零售银行。
He adds that, as Schedule II banks are legal entities independent of their foreign parent companies, they must establish their own local capital and liquidity structures—an arrangement that is inefficient from a banking perspective.
他补充说,由于附表II类银行是独立于其外国母公司的法人实体,它们需要建立自己的本地资本和流动性结构——从银行角度看,这一安排效率不高。
These restrictions may well be the fundamental reason why most American banks are reluctant to venture into the Canadian market.
这些限制或许正是多数美国银行不愿涉足加拿大市场的根本原因。
According to Federal Reserve data, there are over 3,700 commercial banks domiciled in the United States, whereas Canada has only 15.
据美联储数据,美国本土持有的商业银行超过3,700家,而加拿大仅有15家。
Thompson noted that the Canadian market is relatively constrained, with incumbent banks already operating at considerable scale and holding an advantage through established brands, extensive branch networks, and long-standing customer relationships.
汤普森表示,加拿大市场相对有限,现有银行已颇具规模,凭借成熟的品牌、广泛的分行网络和长期的客户关系占据优势。
For American banks contemplating entry, building the requisite infrastructure to compete for Canadian retail customers would prove prohibitively expensive, while initially securing only a marginal share within an already limited market.
对于有意进入的美国银行而言,建立必要的基础设施以与加拿大零售客户竞争将付出高昂代价,且初期仅能在这一本已有限的市场中争取到微小份额。
This article was originally published on September 3, 2026, and revised on September 8, 2026, to correct the amount of assets held by Bank of America's branches and subsidiaries operating in Canada.
本文最初于2026年9月3日发布,并于2026年9月8日进行修订,以更正美国银行在加拿大运营的分行及子公司所持资产之数额。
Its total assets are estimated at approximately $90.1 billion, a figure subject to fluctuations in exchange rates, rather than the previously stated $904 million.
其总资产估值约为901亿美元,具体数额随汇率波动而定,而非先前所述的9.04亿美元。