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Why is the Federal Reserve raising interest rates at this moment, and what does it signify behind it all?

Why is the Federal Reserve raising interest rates at this moment, and what does it signify behind it all?

C1🇨🇳 中文🇺🇸 English

September 17th, 2026

Why is the Federal Reserve raising interest rates at this moment, and what does it signify behind it all?

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

About six weeks ago, Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh announced that the divided central bank would keep its key interest rate unchanged.

大约六周前,美联储主席凯文·沃什宣布,意见分歧的央行维持关键利率不变。

On Wednesday, however, the Fed committee responsible for setting interest rates unanimously agreed to raise them, and nearly all policymakers indicated that a second increase later this year would likely be appropriate.

然而周三美联储负责制定利率的委员会一致同意加息几乎所有政策制定者都表示今年晚些时候进行第二次加息可能是合适的

So what exactly has changed?

那么,究竟发生了何种变化?

In short, the renewed outbreak of war in the Middle East has once again driven up petrol prices.

简言之中东地区再度燃起的战火又一次推高了汽油价格

At the same time, various signs indicate that, although inflation remains stubbornly high, the economy is nonetheless continuing to grow at a steady pace.

与此同时种种迹象表明尽管通胀依然顽固地居高不下经济却仍以稳健的步伐持续增长

Together, these three factors appear to have prompted the committee to shift from a wait-and-see stance to decisive action.

这三个因素似乎共同促使委员会从观望模式转向果断行动

However, this move by the Fed does not necessarily mean that Americans will pay significantly higher costs for mortgages or other borrowing in the short term, as financial markets appear reassured by the Fed's commitment to fighting inflation.

然而美联储此举未必意味着美国人在短期内将为抵押贷款或其他借贷支付显著更高的成本因为金融市场似乎对美联储抗击通胀的承诺感到放心

On Thursday, the yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury bonds even declined slightly, which may be a sign that investors' concerns about inflation are easing.

周四10年期美国国债收益率甚至略有下降这可能是投资者对通胀担忧减弱的迹象。

The Fed's rate hike "alleviated concerns about whether the Fed is serious about tackling stubborn inflation," said Oscar Munoz, head of U.S. economic research at TD Securities.

美联储加息缓解了人们对美联储是否认真对待顽固通胀的担忧”,道明证券美国经济研究主管奥斯卡·穆尼奥斯表示

"And they are prepared to take actionnot just talk, but actually act."

而且他们准备采取行动不只是谈论而是真正行动。”

The Federal Reserve raises the short-term interest rates it controls in order to curb borrowing and spending and, ideally, to cool inflation.

美联储通过提高其控制的短期利率来抑制借贷和支出并理想地给通胀降温

The Fed's rates can influence long-term costs such as mortgage rates, but the Fed does not directly control those costs.

美联储的利率可以影响抵押贷款利率长期成本但美联储并不直接控制这些成本

For months, Federal Reserve officials have been deliberating over whether the rise in oil and gasoline prices caused by the war with Iran will have only a temporary effect on inflation.

数月来美联储官员一直在考虑伊朗战争导致的石油和汽油价格上涨是否只会对通胀造成暂时冲击

If that is the case, raising interest rates might serve no purpose: by the time higher borrowing costs begin to weigh on the economy, the gasoline price shock may already be over, and inflation may fall back to the Fed's 2% target on its own.

如果是这样加息可能就没有意义等到更高的借贷成本开始拖慢经济时,汽油价格冲击可能已经结束通胀也会自行回落到美联储2%的目标

However, now that the war with Iran has entered its seventh month, Fed officials no longer regard it as a short-lived shock.

然而,随着伊朗战争如今已步入第七个月,美联储官员已不再将其视为一次短暂的冲击。

At the Fed's most recent meeting on July 29, its statement described inflation as elevated, "partly reflecting supply-side shocks that have driven up prices in certain sectors, including energy."

在7月29日美联储的上次会议上,其声明称通胀处于高位,“部分反映了推动某些行业(包括能源)价格上涨的供给侧冲击”。

However, the latest statement released on Wednesday no longer mentions supply-side shocks, instead noting that consumer and business spending "has remained resilient."

然而,周三发布的最新声明不再提及供给侧冲击,转而指出消费者和企业支出“一直具有韧性”。

Speaking at a press conference on Wednesday afternoon, Warsh noted, "Our assessment of the geopolitical situation has shifted."

沃什在周三下午的新闻发布会上指出,“我们对于……地缘政治形势的研判已然发生转变。”

Meanwhile, gasoline prices have continued to climb steadily.

与此同时汽油价格持续稳步攀升

According to AAA data, the price of gasoline reached $4.44 per gallon on Thursday, up 38 cents from a month earlier.

据AAA数据显示周四油价已触及每加仑4.44美元较一个月前上涨了38美分

The price of diesel, meanwhile, has soared to a record high of $6.40 per gallon, a development that is bound to drive up the transportation costs of a wide range of goods.

柴油价格已飙升至每加仑6.40美元历史新高此举势必将推高众多品类商品运输成本

Whenever the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, it sparks concern: higher borrowing costs may eventually weigh heavily on the economy, potentially triggering a recession.

每当美联储加息都会引发担忧更高的借贷成本最终可能严重拖累经济从而导致衰退

However, Warsh emphasized that the economy is healthy and has continued to grow despite repeated blows such as rising gasoline prices, tariffs, and higher interest rates.

然而沃什强调经济是健康的尽管反复受到汽油价格上涨关税更高利率等打击仍持续增长

"Our decision was made at a time when the US economy appears to be strengthening," Warsh said.

我们的决定是在美国经济似乎正在走强之际作出的,”沃什说

"New hiring, private-sector profits, and corporate capital investmentin recent months these indicators have all improved and are pointing in a favourable direction."

新增招聘私营部门盈利企业资本投资——近几个月这些指标均有所改善并指向良好方向。”

"Consider the geopolitical landscape, filled with shocks and uncertainty, and you will begin to appreciate the resilience of the American economy," he added.

“想想充满冲击和不确定性的地缘政治格局,你就会开始体会到美国经济的韧性,”他补充道。

Although the economy may be showing signs of acceleration, stubborn inflation has already eroded Americans' take-home pay.

尽管经济可能显示出加速的迹象,但顽固的通胀已经侵蚀了美国人的实得工资

On an annual basis, inflation has now outpaced average earnings for five consecutive months, making it harder for Americans to afford essentials such as gasoline, food, and rent.

按年率计算通胀升幅现已连续五个月快于平均收入使美国人更难负担汽油食品房租等必需品

Warsh stated that "those who are least well-off" stand to "gain the most" from stable growth and stable prices.

沃什表示,“最不富裕的人”从稳定增长和稳定物价中“获益最多”。

Warsh pointed out that if the Fed could push inflation to its 2% target, then once Americans "get their paychecks, they can come up for air and enjoy real growth in their take-home pay."

沃什指出倘若美联储能够推动通胀达到2%的目标那么一旦美国人拿到工资他们就能浮出水面并获得实际的实得工资增长”。

On Wednesday evening, President Donald Trump once again criticized the Federal Reserve and called for a substantial cut in interest rates, but he did not direct his fire at Warsh, whom he had appointed as chairman earlier this year.

周三晚间唐纳德·特朗普总统再次对美联储提出批评并呼吁大幅降低利率但并未将矛头指向他今年早些时候任命为主席沃什

This stance stands in sharp contrast to the treatment of Warsh's predecessor, Jerome Powell, who was repeatedly subjected to personal attacks by Trump and at one point faced a criminal investigation that was later dropped.

这一态度沃什的前任杰罗姆·鲍威尔的遭遇形成鲜明对比——鲍威尔曾屡遭特朗普的人身攻击还一度面临刑事调查该调查后来被撤销

"This committee is deeply hostile.

这个委员会怀有强烈的敌意

They are extremely politicized.

他们极度政治化

They are doing the wrong thing.

他们正在做错误的事

They are nothing but a bunch of politicians," Trump said, referring to the twelve Federal Reserve officials on the central bank's rate-setting committee.

他们无非是一群政客,”特朗普在提及央行利率制定委员会12名美联储官员如此表示

"They are raising rates in order to make Trump look as bad as possible."

他们之所以加息是为了让特朗普尽可能表现得糟糕。”

However, economists disagree, arguing that Trump's criticism is misleading.

然而经济学家对此持有异议认为特朗普的批评具有误导性

They point out that, beyond the Fed, the surge in long-term interest rates over the past two months has been driven by multiple factors.

他们指出除美联储之外过去两个月长期利率的飙升还受到多重因素驱动。

Take the 10-year US Treasury note, for example, which has a significant influence on mortgage rates and this week broke through the 5% threshold for the first time since 2023.

10年期美国国债为例对抵押贷款利率具有显著影响本周更是自2023年以来首次突破5%的关口

Meanwhile, the average weekly rate on 30-year fixed-rate home loans climbed to just under 7%, the highest level in more than 19 months.

与此同时30年期固定利率住房贷款的周平均利率攀升至略低于7%的水平创下逾19个月以来的最高纪录

Investors on Wall Street are demanding higher yields before they are willing to hold bonds, partly because inflation remains stubbornly high.

华尔街的投资者们要求获得更高的收益率方才愿意持有债券其部分缘由在于通胀依然居高不下

Investors require higher interest rates to offset the impact of rising prices.

投资者需要更高的利率以抵消物价上涨所带来的影响

The surge in investment in artificial intelligence data centres has also driven up borrowing costs, as major technology companies have issued hundreds of billions of dollars in bonds to finance their expansion.

人工智能数据中心投资的激增也推高了借贷成本,因为大型科技公司发行了数千亿美元债券来为扩建融资

The sheer volume of bond issuance has also pushed interest rates higher.

债券的大量发行也推高了利率

Warsh also pointed out that strengthening economic growth tends to push interest rates higher, because firms, expecting higher returns on emerging projects, expand their borrowing in order to support expansion.

沃什还指出经济增长的走强往往会推高利率因为企业对新兴项目抱有更高回报的预期从而扩大借贷规模以支持扩张

However, Warsh did not mention another driver of rising interest rates that many economists have pointed to: the high and steadily accumulating U.S. government debt.

沃什没有提到许多经济学家指出的另一个利率上升驱动因素高企且不断累积的美国政府债务

That debt recently surpassed 40 trillion dollars and grew substantially during Trump's time in office.

该债务最近突破40万亿美元并在特朗普任内大幅增长

He also did not mention tariffs, something his predecessor Powell frequently emphasized.

也没有提到关税他的前任鲍威尔经常强调这一点。

September 17th, 2026

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