Trump: "They have their banks here, namely the Bank of Canada, and all their major banks—magnificent institutions.
川普:「彼等於此設有其銀行,即加拿大銀行,及其所有大型銀行——宏偉壯觀之銀行。
To my reckoning, they maintain six or seven principal banking establishments in this country.
據余之判斷,彼等在此擁有六、七家主要銀行機構。
We, conversely, possess no banking presence on their soil.
我方於彼處則未設有銀行。
Do you apprehend the rationale behind this disparity?
君可知其緣由乎?
It is owing to the fact that they withhold their consent."
蓋因彼等不予准許。」
Fact: According to a spokesperson for the Canadian Bankers Association, fifteen American banks currently operate in Canada in the form of branches or subsidiaries.
事實:據加拿大銀行家協會發言人所述,目前計有十五家美國銀行以分行或子公司之形態,於加拿大境內營運。
Experts note that certain restrictions may impede American banks' competitiveness in the Canadian market, yet they still enjoy unimpeded access.
專家指出,若干限制或令美國銀行在加拿大市場之競爭備受阻礙,惟彼等仍可自由准入。
According to the latest data from the Federal Reserve, eight Canadian banks operate within the United States.
依聯準會最新數據觀之,有八家加拿大銀行在美國營運。
The Bank of Canada, however, is not among them—it serves as Canada's central bank, functionally equivalent to the U.S. Federal Reserve, rather than a commercial enterprise.
加拿大銀行則不在此列——其乃加拿大之中央銀行,職能相當於美國之聯準會,而非商業企業。
"I contend that a measure of the confusion stems, in essence, from the fundamental disparities between the regulatory frameworks of the United States and Canada," expounded James Thompson, a professor of finance at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada.
「我認為若干混淆實則源於美加兩國監管體系之間的根本性差異,」加拿大安大略省滑鐵盧大學金融學教授詹姆斯·湯普森如是闡述。
"American banks are indeed permitted to operate within Canadian territory; nevertheless, the strategic trajectory they elect for entering the Canadian market will directly circumscribe both the scope and the profundity of their business expansion."
「美國銀行確實獲准於加拿大境內營運,然而其進入加拿大市場的戰略路徑選擇,將直接制約其業務拓展的範疇與深度。」
The architecture of the Canadian banking system can be delineated into three principal categories—Schedule I, Schedule II, and Schedule III—wherein Schedule I pertains exclusively to domestically incorporated financial institutions.
加拿大銀行體系之架構,可細分為三大類別——附表I、附表II及附表III,其中附表I專指於本土註冊之金融機構。
Within this category reside six major banks, whose aggregate assets astonishingly surpass the combined holdings of the remaining twenty-eight smaller domestic banks—a phenomenon that stands as unequivocal testament to the sector's pronounced concentration and underscores the distinctive contours of the nation's financial landscape.
此類別下,共有六家主要銀行,其合併資產總額竟凌駕於國內其餘二十八家規模較小銀行之資產總和之上,此一現象,實乃該國銀行業高度集中之明證,亦凸顯其金融版圖之獨特格局。
Foreign entities may elect to operate in the form of Schedule II or Schedule III banks.
外國實體可選擇以附表II或附表III銀行之形態營運。
Schedule II banks are foreign-owned subsidiaries registered in Canada and, in principle, are subject to the same banking framework regulations as domestic banks.
附表II銀行係於加拿大註冊之外資子公司,原則上受與本國銀行相同之銀行架構規範所約束。
Schedule III banks, by contrast, are branches of foreign banks registered in Canada that lack Canadian legal personality and are therefore obliged to endure regulatory constraints, such as higher deposit thresholds.
附表III銀行則為在加拿大註冊之外國銀行分行,不具加拿大法人資格,故須承受諸如較高存款門檻等監管限制。
The majority of American-owned banks operate within Canada as Schedule III institutions.
多數美資銀行乃以附表III機構之身分於加拿大境內運作。
Nathalie Bergeron, spokesperson for the Canadian Bankers Association, articulated that the combined assets of American banking branches and their affiliated entities operating within Canada approximate one hundred and twenty-four billion Canadian dollars (equivalent to ninety point one billion US dollars), a figure constituting more than half of the aggregate assets held by foreign banks across their Canadian subsidiaries and branches.
加拿大銀行家協會發言人納塔莉·貝熱龍闡述道,在加拿大境內運營的美國銀行分行及其附屬機構,其合併資產總額約莫一千二百四十億加元(折合九百零一億美元),此一數額佔外國銀行於加拿大子公司及分行所持有資產總值之半數有餘。
"These banks are dedicated to delivering comprehensive financial services encompassing corporate and commercial lending, treasury services, credit card products, investment banking, and mortgage financing," she elaborated.
「此等銀行專注於涵蓋企業及商業貸款、國庫服務、信用卡產品、投資銀行業務與抵押貸款融資等範疇之綜合金融服務,」她闡述道。
"They not only cater to clientele engaged in cross-border commercial activities but also concurrently cultivate a broad customer base within Canada's domestic retail market."
「彼等不僅服務跨境商業活動之客戶群,亦同時深耕加拿大國內零售市場之廣大客層。」
The principal American financial institutions operating within Canada—including JPMorgan Chase, Citibank, Bank of America, Capital One, and Wells Fargo—have established formidable presences here, their expansive operational footprints serving as a testament to their pivotal standing within the North American financial architecture.
在加拿大境内运营的主要美国金融机构,包括摩根大通银行、花旗银行、美国银行、第一资本及富国银行,均在此地设有举足轻重的分支机构,其业务版图之广,足以彰显其在北美金融体系中的核心地位。
Owing to the constraints imposed by Canada's banking regulatory framework, both Schedule II and Schedule III banks are subject to corresponding restrictions.
由於加拿大銀行業監管框架的制約,附表II與附表III銀行均受到相應限制。
Jeremy Kronick, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian think tank C.D. Howe Institute and a preeminent scholar in the fields of finance and monetary policy, elucidated that Schedule III banks are precluded from accepting deposits below CAD 150,000 (approximately USD 72,529), a threshold that effectively renders them inaccessible as retail banking institutions for the vast majority of the populace.
加拿大智庫C.D. Howe研究所主席兼執行長、金融與貨幣政策領域的權威學者傑里米·克羅尼克闡釋道,附表III銀行不得受理低於15萬加元(約合7萬2529美元)的存款業務,此一門檻意味著絕大多數民眾無法將其作為零售銀行使用。
He further expounded that, given the legal independence of Schedule II banks from their foreign parent entities, such institutions are compelled to construct their own domestic capital structures and liquidity frameworks—a strategic choice that, from the vantage point of banking operations, constitutes a markedly inefficient approach.
他進一步補充,鑑於附表II銀行在法律層面上與其外國母公司相互獨立,此類機構必須自行建構在地資本結構與流動性體系——就銀行營運的視角而言,此乃效率低下的策略選擇。
Such regulatory shackles are likely the fundamental impediment that dissuades the majority of American banks from venturing into the Canadian market.
此類監管桎梏,恐係多數美資銀行選擇不涉足加拿大市場之根本癥結。
According to statistics from the Federal Reserve, the total number of commercial banks domiciled in the United States exceeds 3,700, yet merely a paltry fifteen operate within Canadian territory.
據聯準會統計數據顯示,美國本土商業銀行總數逾三千七百家,然於加拿大境內營運者,僅區區十五家而已。
"Canada constitutes a relatively circumscribed market, and the incumbent Canadian banking institutions have already ascended to positions of formidable scale, commanding deeply entrenched brand reputations, an extensively ramified branch network, and client relationships of enduring resilience," Thompson remarked.
「加拿大乃一相對狹隘之市場,而現存之加拿大銀行業者已然躋身規模宏鉅之列,坐擁根深蒂固之品牌聲譽、綿密廣佈之分行網絡,以及歷久彌堅之客戶紐帶,」湯普森如是道。
"For American banking entities aspiring to venture into this domain, the requisite infrastructure necessary to vie for the Canadian retail clientele would entail prohibitive expenditure, whilst the market share attainable during the nascent phase would merely secure a marginal foothold within an already comparatively constrained arena."
「對於意欲涉足此域之美資銀行而言,欲構築足以與加拿大零售客戶群競爭之必要基建,其耗費將極為可觀,而初始階段所能斬獲之市場份額,亦僅能在這已然相對有限之市場中佔據區區一隅。」
This report was initially published on September 3, 2026, and subsequently revised on September 8 of the same year, with the aim of rectifying the asset figures pertaining to the branches and subsidiaries of American banks operating within Canada.
此報導最初刊載於2026年9月3日,嗣於同年9月8日修訂,旨在更正加拿大境內美國銀行分行及子公司之資產數據。
Their aggregate assets amount to approximately $90.1 billion, a figure that fluctuates in accordance with exchange rate movements, rather than the $904 million as previously stated.
彼等總資產約莫為901億美元,其數額隨匯率波動而異,而非原先所述之9.04億美元。