Frank Thompson, a lobster fisherman from Maine, has filed suit in federal court against the head of the state's Department of Marine Resources, contesting a regulation that obliges him to install a GPS tracker aboard his vessel if he is to retain his fishing licence.
緬因州龍蝦漁民弗蘭克·湯普森(Frank Thompson)針對該州海洋資源部門負責人向聯邦法院提起訴訟,就一項責令他須於船上裝設GPS追蹤器方得保留捕魚執照之規定提出質疑。
Thompson contends that such surveillance constitutes an unreasonable search and seizure, though a federal appellate court rejected his argument last year.
湯普森主張此類監控構成不合理的搜查與扣押,惟聯邦上訴法院業於去年駁回其主張。
Thompson accordingly appealed to the Supreme Court, which is scheduled to examine the claim on September 28.
湯普森遂向最高法院提起上訴,最高法院定於9月28日審查該主張。
"The question presented in the petition is whether Maine can force lobster fishermen to carry a government GPS tracker on their private boats, even when they are not fishing," said Matt Gilliam, Thompson's lead attorney.
「該請願書所呈請裁斷之爭點在於,緬因州是否得以強制龍蝦漁民於私人船隻上攜帶政府之GPS追蹤器,縱使其處於非執業狀態亦然,」湯普森之首席律師馬特·吉利亞姆(Matt Gilliam)表示。
"We hope the Court will grant certiorari and rule on this significant Fourth Amendment dispute."
「吾等期盼法院准予調卷審查,並就此一攸關第四修正案之重大爭議予以裁處。」
Many American commercial fishermen are monitored at sea by human observers and electronic devices, with the aim of collecting data that regulators describe as indispensable to sustaining the industry and the sustainability and health of fish stocks.
諸多美國商業漁民於海上受人員觀察員及電子設備之監控,旨在蒐集監管機構所稱對維繫該產業與魚類種群之可持續性及健全性至關重要之數據。
Over the years, fishing groups have resorted to the courts in hopes of curtailing monitoring requirements, with mixed results.
歷年來,捕魚團體訴諸法院以期削減監控要求,成效參差。
Authorities say the lobster boat monitoring program is of pivotal importance, inasmuch as it helps deepen understanding of the stock at a time when this prized crustacean's population in New England appears to be in decline.
當局表示,龍蝦船監控計畫舉足輕重,蓋於新英格蘭此珍貴甲殼類動物種群似呈衰退之際,該計畫有助於深化對其種群之認識。
A spokesperson for the Maine Department of Marine Resources declined to comment on Monday.
緬因州海洋資源部發言人於週一拒絕置評。
Carl Wilson, the department's commissioner, said last year that data from the lobster boats was crucial both for "mitigating the economic harm to the industry" and for providing a basis for regulations.
該部門專員卡爾·威爾遜(Carl Wilson)去年曾表示,龍蝦船的數據對於「減輕該產業的經濟損害」以及為法規提供依據,均至關重要。
"Attempts to overturn the federal appeals court's ruling cannot ultimately undermine this fact: New England's lobster population has already declined, and fisheries managers urgently need reliable and detailed data in order to address the intricate problems confronting our oceans," said Erica Fuller, a senior legal counsel at the Conservation Law Foundation.
「力圖推翻聯邦上訴法院裁決之舉,終究無法撼動此一事實:新英格蘭龍蝦種群已然衰退,而漁業管理者亟需可靠且詳盡的數據,以應對我們海洋所面臨的錯綜複雜之問題,」保育法律基金會(Conservation Law Foundation)資深法律顧問艾莉卡·富勒(Erica Fuller)表示。
The American lobster industry is concentrated chiefly in Maine, where fishermen landed more than 78 million pounds (35.4 million kilograms) of these crustaceans last year.
美國龍蝦產業主要集中於緬因州,當地漁民於去年捕撈了逾7800萬磅(3540萬公斤)此類甲殼類動物。
That figure is comparable to the industry's typical annual catch during the 2000s, yet it represents a marked contraction relative to a decade earlier, when annual landings repeatedly surpassed 120 million pounds (54.4 million kilograms).
此一數字與該產業在2000年代之典型年捕撈量相若,惟相較於十年前則呈現顯著萎縮——彼時年捕撈量屢屢突破1.2億磅(5440萬公斤)。