In short, the renewed conflagration in the Middle East has once again driven oil prices higher.
簡言之,中東重燃的戰火再度推高了油價。
Moreover, various indications suggest that, even though inflation remains stubbornly elevated, the economy continues to expand at a steady pace.
此外,種種跡象顯示,儘管通膨依然頑固地居高不下,經濟仍以穩健的步伐持續成長。
These three factors appear to have collectively impelled the committee to shift from a wait-and-see stance to decisive action.
這三項因素似乎共同促使委員會從觀望模式轉向果斷行動。
Nevertheless, this move by the Federal Reserve does not necessarily mean that Americans will, in the near term, bear markedly escalating costs for mortgages or other forms of borrowing, inasmuch as the financial markets appear to have taken considerable reassurance from the Fed's commitment to combating inflation.
然而,聯準會此番舉措未必意謂著美國人短期內將為房貸或其他借貸支付顯著攀升之成本,蓋金融市場似已對聯準會抗擊通膨之承諾深感寬慰。
On Thursday, the yield on the 10-year US Treasury note even edged lower, which is very likely a sign that investors' anxieties about inflation are beginning to abate.
週四,10年期美國公債殖利率甚至略微走低,此極可能係投資人對通膨之憂慮趨於緩解之徵兆。
The Fed's rate hike "alleviated concerns about whether the Fed was taking stubborn inflation seriously," said Oscar Munoz, head of U.S. economic research at TD Securities.
聯準會升息「緩解了外界對聯準會是否認真看待頑固通膨的擔憂」,道明證券美國經濟研究主管奧斯卡·穆尼奧斯表示。
"It also alleviated concerns about whether it was prepared to act — not merely paying lip service, but actually following through."
「亦緩解了對其是否準備好採取行動的擔憂——不僅止於空談,而是真正付諸實踐。」
The Fed raises the short-term interest rates under its control in the hope of restraining borrowing and spending and, ideally, cooling inflation.
聯準會藉由調升其所掌控之短期利率,以期抑制借貸與支出,並在理想情況下使通膨降溫。
Although the Fed's rates can influence longer-term costs such as mortgage rates, the institution does not directly control such costs.
聯準會之利率雖能牽動房貸利率等較長期之成本,然該機構並不直接掌控此類成本。
For months, Federal Reserve officials have been weighing whether the surge in oil and gasoline prices brought about by the war with Iran will amount to nothing more than a transient shock to inflation.
數月以來,聯準會官員持續權衡:伊朗戰爭所引致的油價與汽油價格攀升,究竟是否僅會對通膨構成短暫性衝擊。
If that proves to be the case, raising interest rates could well be unwarranted — by the time higher borrowing costs begin to weigh on the economy, the gasoline price shock may already have run its course, and inflation will have subsided on its own back to the Fed's 2 percent target.
倘若如此,升息之舉便可能失諸理據——待較高借貸成本開始拖累經濟之際,汽油價格衝擊或已告終,通膨亦將自行回落至聯準會所設定之2%目標。
In the statement issued after its previous meeting, held on 29 July, the Federal Reserve noted that inflation remained elevated, "reflecting in part supply-side shocks, which have pushed up prices in some sectors, energy being one of them."
於7月29日舉行的前次會議上,聯準會所發布的聲明指出,通膨仍處於偏高水準,「部分反映了供給面衝擊,此類衝擊推升了若干部門的價格,能源即為其一」。
Meanwhile, gasoline prices have exhibited a sustained and steady upward trajectory; according to data compiled by AAA, by Thursday they had reached $4.44 per gallon, which is 38 cents higher than a month earlier.
於此同時,汽油價格呈現持續穩步攀升之勢;據AAA所載數據,週四已達每加侖4.44美元,較一個月前高出38美分。
The price of diesel, for its part, has already established an all-time high of $6.40 per gallon, a development that is bound to drive up the transportation costs of a vast array of goods.
柴油價格則已締造每加侖6.40美元之歷史新高,勢必推高眾多品類商品之運輸成本。
Whenever the Federal Reserve embarks on a rate-hiking cycle, it invariably stirs market anxiety, with many convinced that rising borrowing costs will ultimately deal a heavy blow to the economy and may even precipitate a recession.
每當聯準會啟動升息循環,輒引發市場憂慮,認為借貸成本攀升終將對經濟造成沉重拖累,乃至誘發衰退。
Warsh, however, stressed that the economic fundamentals remain sound, and that the economy has continued to expand despite being buffeted by a succession of shocks, including surging gasoline prices, tariffs, and higher interest rates.
然而沃什強調,經濟基本面穩健,儘管屢遭汽油價格飆漲、關稅及較高利率等多重衝擊,仍持續擴張。
"Our decision was made at a time when the US economy appears to be gaining strength," Warsh stated.
「我們的決定,乃係於美國經濟似正呈走強之際所作出,」沃什表示。
"New hiring, private-sector earnings, and corporate capital investment—all of these indicators have shown improvement in recent months and are evolving in a favorable direction."
「新增招聘、私部門收益、企業資本投資——凡此指標,近數月來俱見改善,且正朝有利之方向演進。」
Even if the economy may be showing signs of accelerating, stubborn inflation has already been eroding Americans' real wages.
縱使經濟或正嶄露加速之勢,頑固的通膨已然蠶食美國人的實得薪資。
In terms of year-on-year growth rates, inflation has now outpaced average earnings for five consecutive months, making it increasingly difficult for Americans to afford life's essentials such as gasoline, food, and rent.
以年增率而論,通膨迄今已連續五個月凌駕於平均收入之上,致使美國人益發難以負擔汽油、食物與房租等生活必需品。
On Wednesday evening, President Donald Trump once again launched a broadside against the Federal Reserve and urged steep cuts to interest rates, yet his remarks left Warsh—whom he had appointed as chairman earlier this year—unscathed.
總統唐納·川普於週三晚間再度對聯準會提出抨擊,並敦促大幅調降利率,然而此番言論並未波及沃什——後者係其今年稍早所任命之主席。
This stands in stark contrast to the treatment meted out to Warsh's predecessor, Jerome Powell, who was repeatedly made the target of Trump's personal invective and was even subjected to a criminal investigation that was subsequently dropped.
此舉與沃什之前任傑羅姆·鮑爾之遭遇構成鮮明對照;鮑爾曾屢屢淪為川普人身攻訐之標的,甚且遭致刑事調查,而該調查嗣後業經撤銷。
"This committee is extraordinarily hostile, deeply politicized, and everything it does is misguided. They are nothing more than a bunch of politicians," Trump remarked of the twelve Federal Reserve officials who sit on the central bank's rate-setting committee.
「這個委員會極度敵對,政治色彩濃厚,所作所為皆屬謬誤。他們無非是一群政客,」川普如此評價央行利率制定委員會的十二位聯準會官員。
"The only reason they raise rates is to make Trump's situation as bad as they possibly can."
「他們之所以升息,無非是要讓川普的處境盡可能地越糟越好。」
However, economists generally concur that Trump's criticism is somewhat wide of the mark.
然而,經濟學家咸認川普的批評有失偏頗。
They point out that, apart from the Fed, the surge in long-term interest rates over the past two months has multiple other contributing factors.
彼等指出,除聯準會外,過去兩個月長期利率之飆升尚有多重成因。
For instance, the 10-year US Treasury yield, which exerts a pronounced influence on mortgage rates, breached 5% this week—the first such occurrence since 2023.
諸如,10年期美國公債對房貸利率具有顯著影響,本週突破5%,乃2023年以來首見。
Concurrently, the weekly average rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages climbed to just under 7%—a more than 19-month high.
與此同時,30年期固定利率房貸之每週平均利率攀升至略低於7%——創逾19個月以來新高。
The precipitous surge in investment in artificial-intelligence data centres has likewise driven up borrowing costs, the reason being that large technology companies, in order to bankroll their construction, have issued hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of bonds.
人工智慧資料中心投資的急遽攀升,亦連帶推升了借貸成本,箇中緣由在於大型科技公司為挹注建設資金,發行了數以千億美元計的債券。
This veritable deluge of bond issuance has exerted upward pressure on interest rates as well.
此一債券發行的洪流,同樣對利率構成了上行壓力。
Yet Warsh made no mention whatsoever of another driver of rising interest rates that numerous economists have identified: the vast and ever-accumulating US government debt — a burden that recently surpassed the $40 trillion mark and swelled precipitously during Trump's tenure.
然而,沃什對於眾多經濟學家所指陳的另一項利率上行驅動因素卻隻字未提:那龐然且持續積累的美國政府債務——該債務近期已突破40兆美元大關,並於川普執政期間急遽膨脹。
At the same time, he likewise passed over tariffs, a subject on which his predecessor, Powell, repeatedly dwelt at length.
與此同時,他亦未論及關稅,而此乃其前任鮑爾屢屢著墨強調之議題。