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China's economy expanded by 5.4% in the first quarter, as Beijing vigorously promotes trade liberalization.

China's economy expanded by 5.4% in the first quarter, as Beijing vigorously promotes trade liberalization.

C2zh-Hansen-US

May 2nd, 2025

China's economy expanded by 5.4% in the first quarter, as Beijing vigorously promotes trade liberalization.

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Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

en-US

Official
官方的,正式的
data
数据
released
公布;发布
by
China
中国
on
在…(某日)
Wednesday
星期三
indicated
表明
a
一个
5.4%
百分之五点四
annualised
年化
economic
经济的
growth
增长
rate
率;比率;利率
in
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
first
第一的
quarter
季度
of
this
year,
an
一个
expansion
扩张;膨胀;发展
primarily
主要地
propelled
推动;驱动
by
robust
强劲的
export
出口
momentum
势头,动量
preceding
在…之前的,先前的
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
abrupt
突然的
imposition
实行;征收
of
tariffs
关税
on
在…(某日)
Chinese
中国的;中国人的;中...
goods
商品;货物
by
US
美国
President
总统
Trump.
特朗普
Despite
尽管
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
looming
逼近的;隐约出现的
specter
阴影,担忧
of
a
一个
trade
贸易
war,
战争

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zh-Hans

中国官方周三发布数据,显示今年首季经济增长年率达5.4%,此番扩张主要受惠于美国总统特朗普在对华商品骤然加征关税前夕所呈现的强劲出口势头。

纵然贸易战阴霾笼罩,分析师们仍普遍预判,鉴于针对中美双边贸易产品的关税,其税率最高飙升至145%,业已陆续生效,全球次等经济体——中国——其经济增速在未来数月恐将出现显著放缓。对此,北京祭出了针对美国出口商品最高征收125%关税的反制措施,同时重申其秉持本国市场持续对外贸易与投资开放的坚毅决心。

中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平本周厉行巡访问亚洲数国,力倡自由贸易,并藉此将中国刻画为于此动荡之际“稳定与确定性”的源泉。习氏此行不仅涵盖越南、马来西亚与柬埔寨,更值一提的是,美国务院高级官员肖恩·奥尼尔亦于本周启动对越南之河内及胡志明市、柬埔寨之暹粒以及日本东京的访问行程。

此外,在多个贸易博览会上,中国强调了其贸易重心正向除美国以外的国家倾斜,借此彰显其庞大的市场体量及作为制造业翘楚的竞争实力。

在出口的强劲拉动下,中国经济在2024年实现了5%的年化增长,这一增速与官方预设的年度增长目标恰好吻合。

国家统计局发言人盛来运向记者阐明,短期内这些关税固然会对中国经济构成冲击,但不足以颠覆其长期增长的内在动能。他进一步指出,中国对美出口占总出口的比重已从五年前的逾19%萎缩至不足15%,此消彼长之势已然显现。

盛来运阐述:“中国的经济基石坚实,内蕴韧性,潜能磅礴。吾辈有充分信心与卓越能力应对外部变局,戮力达成既定的发展宏图。”

本年度首季度的经济增长,按季折算后为1.2%,与2024年第四季度的1.6%相比,呈现出明显的增长势头趋缓态势。

受惠于企业界在特朗普政府加征关税前夕所采取的预防性库存积累策略,中国3月份出口同比录得逾12%的激增,而以美元计价的第一季度出口总额亦跃升近6%,此等强劲的出口表现不仅彰显了全球贸易动态的微妙变化,更显著提振了近几个月以来的制造业景气度与生产活跃度。

SPI资产管理公司的斯蒂芬·因尼斯在评论中阐明道:“诸多现象的显现,实则缘于预先绸缪的周延——包括在美国关税升级前所施行的先期规避策略,以及美国进口商为赶在政策落地前抢占市场先机而掀起的一轮囤积囤货浪潮。”

回顾上季,我国工业生产展现出同比增长6.5%的稳健势头,其中尤以装备制造业为甚,其产出录得近11%的跃升,彰显了该行业的强劲动能。

尤以高技术部门增势最著,诸如电池式电动车及混合动力车的生产年率激增45.4%,3D打印机的产量几乎飙升45%,工业机器人的产出亦攀升了26%。

中国经济,尽管以全球尺度衡之其增长率仍属斐然,然自新冠疫情肆虐伊始,便显露出力不从心之态,特别是在房地产市场持续下行、由此引发失业率攀升的背景下,致使家庭消费意愿低迷,对支出审慎有加。

第一季度消费者价格指数(CPI)录得0.1%的跌幅,折射出诸多产业领域供过于求的结构性失衡,需求端增长乏力未能有效承接供给端的扩张。尽管政府竭力通过刺激性政策提振住房贷款需求,但房地产开发投资相较去年同期依然萎缩近一成,显示出市场内在动能的匮乏与结构性调整的阵痛。

关税危机无疑在北京倾力吸引企业增资扩产、招贤纳士,并力促国民消费激增之际,构成了沉重的一击。

鉴于特朗普在贸易摩擦之细枝末节上屡屡变卦,私营及公共领域之经济学人对于未来走向普遍流露审慎姿态。陶望等瑞银经济师在一份报告中论道:“有鉴于近两周之事件,推测中美互征关税将如何衍变着实艰难。”

国际货币基金组织与亚洲开发银行则秉持更为审慎乐观之预测,推测本年度增长率或将徘徊于4.6%之区间。

特朗普甫一履新,便对华输美商品课征10%的初始关税,继而上调至20%。现今,中国多数对美出口商品普遍面临高达145%的关税壁垒。

瑞银测算,若关税壁垒大致维持原状,在接下来的几个月里,中国对美国的出口或锐减三分之二,而其以美元计价的全球出口总值亦可能下挫一成。基于此,瑞银已将其本年度的经济增长预期由原先的4%下调至3.4%,并预估2026年的增速将进一步趋缓至3%。

在过去七个月中,中国倾力强化刺激消费者支出和私营部门投资的举措,具体体现在进一步提高汽车及家电“以旧换新”的补贴力度,同时向房地产及其他资金拮据的行业输注更多金融挹注。

May 2nd, 2025

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