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Nepal's floods highlight the growing glacial risks under the warming of the Himalayas

Nepal's floods highlight the growing glacial risks under the warming of the Himalayas

C1🇹🇼 中文🇺🇸 English

August 27th, 2026

Nepal's floods highlight the growing glacial risks under the warming of the Himalayas

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

According to scientists' preliminary investigations, the deadly flash flood that struck Nepal on Wednesday was most likely caused by a massive chunk of glacier breaking off and temporarily obstructing the river's course.

根據科學家的初步調查週三侵襲尼泊爾的致命山洪極可能是由於一大塊冰川斷裂暫時阻擋了河道所致。

Experts point out that this event may have caused water accumulated over several hours to surge downstream with overwhelming force, cascading with thunderous might.

專家指出此事件恐導致蓄積數小時的水流挾帶雷霆萬鈞之勢向下游奔騰傾瀉

Scientists are still integrating satellite and ground-based observational data to ascertain the root cause of this catastrophic flood.

科學家們仍在整合衛星地面觀測數據釐清引發此次洪災的肇因。

This deluge has claimed at least 353 lives, with over 1,300 individuals still unaccounted for, and among the deceased and missing are a considerable number of foreign nationals and pilgrims.

這場洪水已造成至少353人罹難,1300人下落不明罹難者失蹤者不乏外籍人士朝聖者

The United States Geological Survey released a report on Wednesday indicating that a glacial collapse of magnitude 5.2 triggered a torrent of debris surging downstream, inflicting devastating impacts on surrounding communities.

美國地質調查局於週三發布報告指出一場規模5.2的冰川崩塌引發碎屑向下游奔湧對周邊社區造成毀滅性衝擊

The agency stated that its assessment was based on a comprehensive analysis of data from nearby seismic stations, long-period seismic wave signals, and satellite imagery.

該機構表示其評估依據來自鄰近地震觀測站的數據長週期地震波訊號以及衛星影像的綜合分析

"The lower edge of the glacier has indeed broken away," stated Jakob Steiner, a geoscientist at the University of Graz in Austria, who is currently stationed in Bangladesh.

冰川的下緣確實已崩解脫落,」奧地利格拉茨大學的地質科學家雅各布·施泰納表示目前正駐紮於孟加拉國

"Judging from the imagery, it is as if someone had sliced off the entire lower section with a colossal blade, after which it collapsed and plummeted down."

從影像上來看彷彿有人以一把巨刃將整個下部齊整切下隨後便頹然墜落。」

Steiner pointed out that a massive chunk of glacial ice broke loose from a height, its impact potentially comparable to a bomb detonation, which in turn triggered the ensuing chain of chaos.

施泰納指出一大塊冰川冰自高處崩落而下其衝擊力或堪比炸彈引爆進而引發了隨後的一連串混亂

Scientists assert that it is still premature to directly link global warming to Wednesday's catastrophe, yet they also point out that as human combustion of oil, natural gas, and coal warms the planet, the likelihood of such disasters escalates, particularly in the Himalayaswhere temperatures are rising at a rate far exceeding that of most regions worldwide.

科學家表示目前要將全球暖化與週三的災難直接掛鉤仍嫌過早他們也指出隨著人類燃燒石油、天然氣和煤炭導致地球升溫這類災難的發生機率會增加尤其在喜馬拉雅山脈——那裡的升溫速度遠高於全球多數地區

"We must be cautious and cannot establish a link for the time being.

我們必須謹慎暫時不能建立聯繫

However, rising temperatures are transforming the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region, with glaciers melting," said Saswat Sanyal, a disaster risk reduction expert at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), a climate research organization based in Kathmandu.

然而氣溫上升正在改變興都庫什-喜馬拉雅地區冰川在融化,」加德滿都氣候研究組織國際山地綜合發展中心(ICIMOD)災害風險減少專家薩斯瓦特·薩尼亞爾

Hundreds of residents in the Himalayan region have lost their homes, and officials report that critical infrastructure such as hydroelectric dams, roads, buildings, and bridges has suffered severe damage.

喜馬拉雅地區數百居民失去家園官員通報稱水電站大壩道路建築物橋樑等關鍵基礎設施遭受了嚴重破壞

Researchers at the Kathmandu-based climate research organization noted that river levels in the flood-affected areas surged by as much as nine meters (29.5 feet) within a mere thirty minutes, a phenomenon attributed to a flood surge triggered by the collapse of an upstream glacier.

加德滿都氣候研究組織的研究人員指出,受洪水波及地區的河川水位在短短三十分鐘內驟升達九公尺(二十九點五英尺),此現象係因上游冰川崩解所引發的洪水湧浪所致。

"This surge is truly remarkable, a torrential flood that arrived without warning," Sanyal remarked.

此番攀升實為驚人,乃一股驟然湧至的巨浪洪流,」薩尼亞爾如此表示

Preliminary evidence suggests that a substantial volume of ice and rock may have plunged into the Lende River, a tributary of the Bhote Koshi.

初步證據顯示大量冰體岩石可能墜入楞德河Bhote Koshi河的一條支流)。

Researchers speculate that the collapse may have displaced the river's flow, churning up loose sediment and boulders, thereby generating a powerful surge downstream.

研究人員推測此次崩塌或許排開了河水捲起鬆散的沉積物巨石進而在下游形成強勁的湧浪

Furthermore, investigators are also examining whether debris temporarily obstructed the river channel, after which the accumulated water breached the barrier, further intensifying the flood.

此外研究人員在調查是否碎屑暫時堵塞河道隨後蓄積的水流衝破障礙進一步加劇了洪水

Steiner pointed out that the region has long been plagued by devastating mountain hazards.

施泰納指出該地區歷來飽受破壞性山地災害之苦。

In 2025, the same valley was hit by a glacial lake outburst flood, while in 2024, ice and rock avalanches occurred elsewhere in the area.

2025年同一山谷遭遇了冰川湖潰決洪水2024年該區域其他地點發生了冰崩岩崩

During the 2015 Nepal earthquake, the broader Langtang region was also severely impacted by a catastrophic avalanche.

在2015年尼泊爾地震期間更為廣袤的朗塘地區亦曾遭受毀滅性雪崩的重創

Climate scientists point out that the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region is undergoing a pronounced warming trend, a phenomenon that has triggered a series of significant transformations, including glacial retreat, diminished snow cover, thawing permafrost, and dramatic alterations to hillslope geomorphology.

氣候科學家指出興都庫什-喜馬拉雅地區正經歷顯著的升溫趨勢此現象已引發冰川消退積雪減少永久凍土解凍以及山坡地貌劇變一系列重大轉變

These mountain ranges harbour the most extensive reserves of ice and snow outside the polar regions.

這些山脈蘊藏著極地以外最為龐大的冰雪儲量

With over sixty-three thousand glaciers, the region supplies water to at least ten major Asian rivers, thereby sustaining food, water, energy provision, and livelihood security for billions of people.

該地區逾六萬三千條冰川為至少十條亞洲主要河流提供水源進而維繫數十億人口的糧食、水資源、能源供給生計安全

However, approximately 78% of the glacier area is distributed between 4,500 and 6,000 meters above sea level, a range that is highly exposed to the impacts of climate warming.

然而約莫78%的冰川面積分布於海拔4500至6000米之間此區段高度暴露於氣候暖化的衝擊之下。

"What happened yesterday has, regrettably, become the new norm.

昨日所發生之事不幸地已成為新常態

From this point onward, matters will only deteriorate further," Steiner remarked.

自此以後情況只會每況愈下,」施泰納如是說

The past decade stands as the hottest ten-year period ever recorded globally, while 2024 set the record for the most scorching single year on record.

過去十年堪稱全球有紀錄以來最為酷熱的十年期2024年締造了有紀錄以來最熾熱的單一年度紀錄。

A United Nations report reveals that between 2000 and 2019, glaciers lost approximately 267 billion tonnes of ice annually, a mass roughly equivalent to the combined weight of 46,500 Great Pyramids of Giza.

聯合國報告揭示在2000年至2019年間冰川每年消融2670億噸的冰量其質量大致相當於46,500座吉薩大金字塔的總和

In an increasingly warming world, the report projects that even if global temperature rise is successfully capped at 1.5 degrees Celsius (equivalent to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), the loss of all glaciersexcluding the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarcticacould still reach as high as 50% by 2100.

在一個日益暖化的世界中報告預測即便全球升溫能成功控制在攝氏1.5度相當於華氏2.7度)之內,截至2100年所有冰川不包括格陵蘭與南極的冰層)的損失幅度仍可能高達50%

Under the current global policy framework, the Earth's warming trajectory by the end of this century, relative to pre-industrial levels, is projected to reach approximately 2.8 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit).

現行的全球政策框架下,地球於本世紀末相較工業化前水平的升溫軌跡預計將達到約攝氏2.8度(華氏5度)

Findings from a research organization based in Kathmandu indicate that the glaciers in these mountain ranges are melting at an accelerating pace, with the rate of ice loss having doubled since the year 2000.

加德滿都研究組織的調查結果顯示這些山脈的冰川正以加速之勢消融自2000年以來冰層損失率已翻倍增長

The melting glaciers will continually replenish and expand glacial lakes, thereby significantly increasing the risk of sudden glacial lake outburst floods.

融化的冰川會持續補注擴張冰川湖進而顯著提高突發性潰決洪水的風險

As glaciers continue to recede, the mountain rock formations that were once insulated and supported by the ice layer are now exposed to more extreme temperature fluctuations, abundant rainfall, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

隨著冰川持續消退原先受冰層隔熱支撐山體岩層如今暴露於更劇烈的溫度變化豐沛降雨反覆凍融

Permafrostthat is, ground that remains frozen year-roundmay also thaw, undermining the stability of rock walls and slopes.

永久凍土——常年冰凍的地表——也可能融化削弱岩壁山坡的穩定性

"The likelihood of material migrating downslope from the mountain has already increased," Steiner remarked.

物質自山體向下遷移的機率已然攀升,」施泰納如此表示

Sanyal suggested that this might well be the sequence of disasters that struck Nepal on Wednesday: an avalanche or glacial collapse, which subsequently transformed into a mudslide, river blockage, and devastating flash floods.

薩尼亞爾表示這或許正是週三在尼泊爾發生一連串災難一場雪崩冰川崩塌隨後演變成泥石流河道堵塞以及毀滅性的山洪

Steiner pointed out that approximately one-tenth of Nepal's power generation capacity is situated in the valley region affected by this latest catastrophe.

施泰納指出尼泊爾約莫十分之一發電產能坐落於此次最新災變所波及的山谷地帶

He further elaborated that, in the wake of previous floods and avalanches, the recurring losses inevitably raise doubts as to whether the authorities have implemented adequate measures to establish a comprehensive early-warning system for local residents and tourists alike.

進一步闡述歷經先前水患雪崩之後,屢屢重演損失不禁令人質疑當局是否已採取充分措施當地居民觀光客建置完備的預警機制

The country's natural landscapes have long captivated visitors, and in recent years, the annual number of visitors has surpassed the one-million mark.

該國自然風貌長久以來便遊客心馳神往,近年來每年造訪的人數突破百萬大關

Scientists contend that as temperatures rise and mountainous terrain becomes increasingly unstable, the significance of more meticulous early warning systems, more rigorous monitoring frameworks, and swifter cross-border information dissemination will grow ever more pronounced.

科學家主張隨著氣溫攀升山地地貌日益趨於不穩定更為縝密的早期預警機制更嚴密的監測體系,以及更迅速的跨境資訊流通其重要性將與日俱增

Nevertheless, conducting comprehensive monitoring of the thousands of glaciers, steep slopes, and river valleys along the Himalayan arc constitutes an exceptionally formidable challenge.

然而要對喜馬拉雅山弧數以千計的冰川陡峭山坡河谷進行全面監測實屬一項極其艱鉅的挑戰

Once a chain of disasters is set in motion, the time available for response is likely to be a mere few minutes.

連鎖災害一旦啟動可供應變的時間恐怕僅有寥寥數分鐘

"We do not have much time at our disposal," Saniyar admitted candidly.

我們所擁有的時間並不多,」薩尼亞爾坦言

"At times, what truly remains for preparation is but a scant few minutes."

有時真正能用於籌備的,僅剩下寥寥數分鐘。」

Steiner pointed out that the so-called "red line" has already been crossed, and that current living conditions in parts of Nepal pose an unacceptably high risk.

施泰納指出已然觸及所謂的「紅線」尼泊爾部分地區目前居住條件已構成過高風險

"We had hoped that previous similar disasters would serve as a wake-up call for governments in the Himalayan region, but frustratingly, it seems the losses are never severe enough," Steiner remarked.

我們原本期望先前類似的災難喜馬拉雅地區政府敲響警鐘令人沮喪的是損失似乎永遠不夠慘重,」施泰納

"I am not overly optimistic that a clear solution will emerge as of tomorrow," he added.

自明日起能出現明確解決方案一事,並不抱持過度樂觀的態度,」他補充道

"We are well aware of what can be done, but all parties must act in concert to bring about meaningful progress."

我們清楚可行的作為為何,各方必須協調一致方能促使事態有所進展。」

To follow Arasu's updates, one can do so via the X platform, where their account is @sibi123; for direct contact, an email can be sent to [email protected].

欲追蹤Arasu之動態可經由X平台其帳號為@sibi123若欲與其聯繫則可透過[email protected]發送電子郵件。

Journalists' in-depth reporting on climate and environmental issues has received financial backing from several private foundations.

記者們針對氣候與環境議題的深度報導獲得多家私人基金會的財政挹注

The Associated Press bears full responsibility for all content.

美聯社對所有內容承擔全部責任

To learn about the guidelines for the Associated Press's collaboration with charitable organizations, the list of supporters, and the scope of funded reporting, please refer to the AP.org website.

欲了解美聯社與慈善機構合作的準則支持者名單獲資助的報導範疇請參閱AP.org網站

August 27th, 2026

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