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Nepal's flooding highlights the growing risk of glacial hazards in the Himalayas.

Nepal's flooding highlights the growing risk of glacial hazards in the Himalayas.

C1🇨🇳 中文🇺🇸 English

August 27th, 2026

Nepal's flooding highlights the growing risk of glacial hazards in the Himalayas.

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

The catastrophic flash floods that struck Nepal on Wednesday were most likely caused by a colossal glacier that calved and temporarily dammed a river, preliminary scientific investigations suggest.

周三在尼泊尔发生的灾难性山洪极有可能是由于一块巨型冰川崩解暂时堵塞河道所致科学家初步调查显示

This process may have led to the accumulated floodwaters being unleashed with overwhelming force hours later, devastating downstream areas.

这一过程可能导致蓄积的洪水在数小时之后以排山倒海之势倾泻而下冲击下游地区

Scientists are still integrating satellite and ground-based observational data to unravel the complex causes that triggered this catastrophic flood.

科学家们仍在整合卫星地面观测数据厘清引发这场洪灾复杂成因

The disaster has claimed at least 353 lives, with over 1,300 individuals still unaccounted for, and among the deceased are not a few foreign nationals and pilgrims.

此次灾害已导致至少353人罹难,1300人下落不明罹难者中不乏外籍人士朝圣者

The United States Geological Survey reported on Wednesday that a glacial collapse registering a magnitude of 5.2 triggered a debris flow that cascaded downstream, inflicting devastating impacts on surrounding communities.

美国地质调查局于周三发布报告称一场震级为5.2级的冰川崩塌事件引发了碎屑流向下游蔓延对周边社区造成了毁灭性的冲击

The agency further clarified that its assessment was primarily based on data recorded by nearby seismic stations, observations of long-period seismic waves, and satellite imagery.

该机构进一步阐明其研判依据主要来自邻近地震台站所记录的数据长周期地震波的观测结果以及卫星影像资料

"The lower edge of the glacier has indeed broken away and fallen off," stated Jakob Steiner, an earth scientist at the University of Graz in Austria, who is currently stationed in Bangladesh.

冰川的下缘确实已经崩解脱落了。”奥地利格拉茨大学的地球科学家雅各布·施泰纳如此表示目前驻扎在孟加拉国

"Judging from the imagery, it is as though someone had sliced the entire lower section cleanly away with a colossal blade, after which it came crashing down."

从图像上看仿佛有人用一把巨刃将整个下部齐整地切离,随后便轰然坠落。”

Steiner points out that the impact force generated by the massive collapse of glacial ice from great heights is as intense as a bomb detonation, and this phenomenon is precisely the root cause of the ensuing chaos.

施泰纳指出,大量冰川冰自高处崩落所产生的冲击力其剧烈程度堪比炸弹引爆这一现象正是随后陷入一片混乱的根源所在

Scientists point out that it is still premature to directly link global warming to the disaster that occurred on Wednesday.

科学家指出全球变暖周三发生的灾害直接挂钩尚属为时过早之举

However, they emphasize that as human activitiessuch as the burning of oil, natural gas, and coaldrive up global temperatures, the likelihood of such disasters increases accordingly, particularly in the Himalayan region, where the rate of warming far exceeds that of many other parts of the world.

然而他们强调,随着人类活动诸如燃烧石油、天然气与煤炭致使地球气温攀升,此类灾害的发生概率随之增大尤其在喜马拉雅山脉地区该区域的升温速率远高于全球众多其他地区

"We must remain cautious and refrain from jumping to conclusions.

我们必须保持审慎避免仓促作出结论

However, rising temperatures are profoundly impacting the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region and driving glacial melt," stated Saswat Sanyal, a disaster risk reduction specialist at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, a climate research organization based in Kathmandu.

然而气温上升深刻影响兴都库什-喜马拉雅地区导致冰川融化。”加德满都气候研究组织国际山地综合发展中心灾害风险降低专家萨斯瓦特·萨尼亚尔表示

Hundreds of residents in the Himalayan region have been displaced, and according to officials, critical infrastructureincluding hydroelectric dams, roads, buildings, and bridgeshas sustained extensive damage.

喜马拉雅地区数百民众流离失所据官员通报包括水电站大坝道路建筑物桥梁在内的关键基础设施均遭受了大规模损毁

Researchers at a Kathmandu-based climate research organization noted that river levels in the flood-affected areas surged by as much as nine meters (equivalent to 29.5 feet) within a mere 30 minutes, a phenomenon attributed to the flood peak triggered by the upstream glacial collapse.

加德满都气候研究组织的研究人员指出受洪水侵袭地区的河流水位在短短30分钟内便骤升了多达9米(合29.5英尺)此乃上游冰川崩解所引发的洪峰所致

"This was a colossal surge, a torrent that erupted without warning," Sanyal remarked.

"一次巨大的跃升,一股骤然迸发的洪流。"萨尼亚尔

Preliminary evidence suggests that a substantial volume of ice and rock may have plunged into the Linde River, a tributary of the Bhote Koshi.

初步证据显示大量冰块与岩石可能已坠入林德河Bhote Koshi河的支流)。

Researchers indicate that the collapse may have displaced the water body, entraining loose sediment and boulders to generate a powerful downstream torrent.

研究人员指出此次崩塌或已引发水体位移并裹挟松散沉积物与巨石形成一股强劲的下游洪流

Furthermore, investigators are examining whether debris may have temporarily dammed the river channel, with the subsequent breach of accumulated water amplifying the flood's destructive force.

此外研究人员正在核查是否有碎屑物曾暂时堵塞河道随后蓄积之水冲溃堵塞,从而进一步加剧了洪水的威力

Steiner pointed out that the region has long been plagued by devastating mountain hazards.

施泰纳指出该区域历来饱受破坏性山地灾害之苦。

In 2025, floods triggered by glacial lake outbursts ravaged the same valley, whereas in 2024, ice-rock avalanches struck other parts of the region.

2025年冰川湖溃决引发的洪水曾侵袭同一山谷而在2024年该地区其他地带则发生了冰岩雪崩

During the 2015 Nepal earthquake, the more expansive Langtang area was likewise not spared from catastrophic avalanche impacts.

2015年尼泊尔地震期间更为广袤的朗唐地区亦未能幸免于毁灭性的雪崩冲击

Climate scientists point out that the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region is undergoing pronounced climatic warming, which has triggered glacial melt, snow cover degradation, permafrost thawing, and dramatic transformations in hillslope geomorphology.

气候科学家指出兴都库什-喜马拉雅区域正经历显著的气候变暖由此引发冰川消融积雪退化永久冻土解冻以及山坡地貌的剧烈变迁

These mountain ranges harbour the most extensive snow and ice cover on Earth outside the polar regions.

这些山脉蕴藏着除极地之外地球上最广袤的积雪与冰层

Over 63,000 glaciers in this region nourish at least ten major Asian river systems, providing robust support for the food security, water supply, energy assurance, and livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people.

该区域逾六万三千条冰川滋养着至少十条亚洲主要水系为数以亿计人口粮食安全水资源供给能源保障生计维系提供了坚实支撑

However, approximately 78% of the glacier area, situated at altitudes between 4,500 and 6,000 meters, is highly exposed to the threat of climate warming.

然而约78%的冰川区域地处海拔4,500至6,000米之间正高度暴露于气候变暖的威胁之下。

"What was once exceptional has, regrettably, become the new norm.

昨日之事不幸化为新常态

From this point onward, the situation is bound to grow ever more severe," Steiner remarked.

自此以后局势只会愈发严峻。”施泰纳如是说

The past decade has been confirmed as the hottest on record globally, with 2024 claiming the top spot as the warmest year ever documented.

过去十年被证实为有记录以来全球最为酷热的十年,2024年荣登有史以来最炎热年份榜首

According to a United Nations report, glaciers melted at an alarming rate of 267 gigatonnes annually between 2000 and 2019a figure roughly equivalent to the combined mass of 46,500 Great Pyramids of Giza.

据联合国报告揭示,在2000年至2019年间冰川每年消融量高达267吉吨这一数字大致等同于46,500座吉萨大金字塔的总质量

Against the backdrop of climate warming, the report projects that even if global temperature rise is strictly capped at 1.5 degrees Celsius (equivalent to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), by 2100, the total melt of all glaciers worldwide (excluding the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets) could still reach as much as 50% of their current volume.

在气候变暖的背景下报告预测即便全球升温被严格控制在1.5摄氏度相当于2.7华氏度)以内,至2100年全球所有冰川南极与格陵兰冰盖除外)的消融量仍可能高达其总量的50%

The current global policy framework is projected to cause the Earth to warm by approximately 2.8 degrees Celsius (equivalent to 5 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century.

现行的全球政策框架预计将致使地球本世纪末较工业化前水平升温2.8摄氏度相当于5华氏度)。

The findings of the Kathmandu-based research team indicate that the glaciers in these mountain ranges are melting at an accelerating rate, with the rate of ice loss having doubled since 2000.

加德满都研究小组的调查结果表明,这些山脉的冰川正以加速的速率消融,自2000年以来冰损失率已攀升至原先的两倍。

The melting of glaciers not only expands and extends the scale of glacial lakes but also markedly increases the likelihood of sudden flood disasters.

冰川融化不仅能够扩充拓展冰川湖规模同时显著提升突发性洪涝灾害发生的可能性。

As glaciers continue to retreat, the rock faces that were once insulated and supported by the ice are now exposed to warmer temperatures, increased precipitation, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

随着冰川持续退缩原本受冰层隔绝与支撑的山岩如今暴露于更为温暖的气温增多的降水以及反复的冻融循环之中。

Permafrostthe ground that remains frozen year-roundmay also thaw in tandem, thereby undermining the stability of rock surfaces and slopes.

永久冻土——常年保持冻结状态的地层——可能随之消融进而削弱岩体表面斜坡的稳定性

"The likelihood of downslope movement of mountain material is on the rise."

山体物质向下迁移的可能性正在增大。”

Steiner points out.

施泰纳指出

Sanyal pointed out that this may be the archetypal form of the cascading catastrophe behind Wednesday's events in Nepal: an avalanche or glacial collapse evolving into a debris flow, blocking river channels, and subsequently triggering a devastating flash flood.

萨尼亚尔指出这或许周三尼泊尔所发生事件背后那种连锁性灾难典型形态:一次雪崩冰川崩塌演变为泥石流堵塞河道继而引发毁灭性的山洪暴发

Steiner pointed out that roughly one-tenth of Nepal's electricity generation capacity is situated in the valley regions recently struck by disaster.

施泰纳指出尼泊尔约莫十分之一的电力产能坐落于近期遭受灾害冲击的山谷地带

He stressed that such recurring losses inevitably raise the question of whether the authorities had put in place sufficiently comprehensive early-warning mechanisms for residents and tourists following the earlier floods and avalanches.

他强调此类反复出现的损失不禁令人质疑在早前洪涝与雪崩过后当局是否已为居民及游客部署了足够周全的预警机制

The country's natural scenery has long captivated visitors, and in recent years, the annual number of visitors has surpassed one million.

该国的自然风光长期以来一直游客心驰神往,近年来每年造访者已逾百万之众

Scientists point out that as temperatures rise and mountain terrain becomes increasingly unstable, the importance of more robust early-warning systems, more refined monitoring techniques, and faster cross-border information flow will become ever more pronounced.

科学家指出随着气温攀升山地地貌日趋失稳更为强大的预警机制更精细的监测手段以及更迅捷的跨境信息流通其重要性日益凸显

Yet, monitoring the thousands of glaciers, precipitous slopes, and river valleys along the Himalayan arc presents a challenge of such magnitude that it borders on the Herculean.

然而喜马拉雅弧线上数以千计的冰川陡峭山坡河谷实施监测,其难度之大堪称登天

As the cascading disaster begins to manifest, the window of opportunity for implementing countermeasures may be a mere few minutes.

连锁灾害初现端倪之际,可供采取应对措施的时间窗口或许仅有寥寥数分钟

"We do not have hours at our disposal," Sanyal remarked.

我们并没有数小时的时间。”萨尼亚尔说道

"In fact, at times we are left with merely a few minutes of leeway to carry out the actual preparations."

事实上有时我们仅有寥寥数分钟的余裕来进行实际筹备。”

Steiner pointed out that the 'red line' has already been crossed, and the current risk of habitation in parts of Nepal has become prohibitively high.

施泰纳指出已然触及“红线”尼泊尔部分地区目前居住风险已高至令人望而却步

"We had anticipated that such disasters ought to serve as a wake-up call for governments across the Himalayan region, yet frustratingly, the losses never seem to have been severe enough to command attention," Steiner remarked.

我们曾预期此类灾害理应喜马拉雅地区的政府敲响警钟令人沮丧的是损失似乎从未严重到足以引起重视。”施泰纳说

"I have not harboured overly optimistic expectations that a definitive solution would emerge as of tomorrow," he added.

并未抱持过于乐观的态度认为自明日便会有明确的解决方案浮现。”他补充道

"We are well aware of the viable approaches, yet the crux lies in the concerted alignment of all stakeholders to propel the matter towards substantive progress."

我们深知可行之策关键在于各利益相关方需协同一致方能推动事态取得实质进展。”

You may follow Arasu on the X platform, where his username is @sibi123.

在X平台上关注Arasu其用户名@sibi123

Should further communication be required, you can reach out to him via the aforementioned email address.

若需进一步沟通可通过上述邮箱地址与之取得联系

The journalist's reporting on climate and the environment has received financial backing from several private foundations.

记者关于气候与环境的报道获得了多个私人基金会的财政资助

The Associated Press bears full responsibility for all content.

美联社对所有内容承担全部责任

On AP.org, one can consult the standards governing the Associated Press's collaboration with charitable organizations, the list of its supporters, and the reporting areas that receive funding.

在AP.org上可查阅美联社与慈善机构合作的标准支持者名单受资助的报道领域

August 27th, 2026

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