For nearly seventy years, Los Angeles has been observed from the air by news helicopters.
近七十年來,洛杉磯一直從空中被新聞直升機俯瞰。
When wildfires or mudslides occur, or when O.J. Simpson flees along the highway from police pursuit, an "eye in the sky" will track the situation and tell millions of people how to stay away from danger.
當野火、土石流發生,或辛普森(O.J. Simpson)沿著高速公路逃離警方追捕時,一架「天空之眼」便會追蹤事態,並告訴數百萬人如何遠離危險。
On Tuesday, a helicopter belonging to an airborne news desk crashed and burst into flames during a live broadcast, killing three people; at the time of the incident, reporters were covering a collision between an SUV and a city bus.
週二,一架隸屬於某空中新聞編輯室的直升機於直播期間墜毀並起火燃燒,造成三人喪生,事發當時,記者正針對一輛休旅車與一輛市公車相撞的事故進行報導。
According to NBC4 in Los Angeles, two people on board — Eliana Moreno and the pilot, George Marciniw — were killed; fire officials, meanwhile, said that another person on the ground, Edy Gutierrez Mejia, also died in the accident.
據洛杉磯NBC4報導,機上兩名人員——埃利亞娜·莫雷諾(Eliana Moreno)與飛行員喬治·馬西尼烏(George Marciniw)——不幸罹難;消防官員則表示,地面上另有一人,埃迪·古鐵雷斯·梅希亞(Edy Gutierrez Mejia),亦於事故中身亡。
This incident is yet another shocking case among at least eight fatal crashes involving news helicopters in the United States since 2000, which together have claimed 16 lives.
此事件為自2000年以來美國至少八起涉及新聞直升機的致命墜機事故中又一令人震驚的案例,這些事故累計已造成16人死亡。
Moreno, widely known by the moniker "Eli in the Heli," has worked as an airborne reporter since 2010, mastering a highly demanding form of journalism that requires editing, shooting video, an in-depth knowledge of the city — and quick thinking.
莫雷諾以「直升機裡的伊萊」(Eli in the Heli)這個名號廣為人知,自2010年起擔任空中記者,精通一種要求極高的報導形式,需要剪輯、拍攝影片、對城市有深入了解——以及快速思考。
"I've clocked 76 hours since Sunday, and I'm almost done!" she wrote on Instagram on September 29, 2023.
「自週日以來已累計工作76小時,我即將大功告成!」她於2023年9月29日在Instagram上如此寫道。
"Yet I can't complain, because I have the best job in the world."
「然而我無從抱怨,因為我擁有全世界最理想的工作。」
Broadcasting news from the air undeniably provided a public service, and can be regarded as a descendant of the horseback newspaper delivery, the teletype, and satellite transmission.
從空中傳送新聞無可否認地提供了公共服務,可視為騎馬送報、電傳打字機與衛星傳輸的後裔。
According to its inventor, John Silva, the chief engineer at KTLA-TV, the "Telecopter" did indeed originate in Los Angeles as a way of arriving at the scene first and beating rival stations; KTLA-TV first introduced the machine in 1958.
根據其發明者、KTLA-TV首席工程師約翰·席爾瓦(John Silva)的說法,「Telecopter」也確實誕生於洛杉磯,作為搶先抵達現場、擊敗競爭對手的一種方式;KTLA-TV於1958年首度推出這台機器。
News from the air astonished viewers — and it also meant that local television stations had entered a new era of big money.
來自空中的新聞令觀眾驚嘆——也意味著地方電視台進入大錢的新時代。
"It suddenly occurred to me. 'How are we going to beat our competitors?'" Silva recalled.
「我突然想到。『我們要怎麼擊敗競爭對手?』」席爾瓦回憶道。
"If we could build a news unit inside a helicopter, we would surpass everyone, get there first, avoid the traffic, and reach every news scene before any competitor.
「如果我們能在直升機裡打造一個新聞機動單位,就能超越一切,最先到那裡,避開交通,並在任何競爭對手之前抵達所有新聞現場。
That would be a wonderful thing."
那會是很棒的事。」
However, this was by no means an easy task.
然而,此事絕非易事。
The plan had to be kept absolutely secret.
該計畫必須絕對保密。
The helicopter had to be selected and modified, and all of this had to be carried out on the vast backyard grounds of a senior news executive, out of sight of competitors.
直升機必須經過挑選並改裝,而且要在一位新聞高層廣闊的後院用地裡進行,不能讓對手看見。
Silva had to find a way to cut 2,000 pounds (900 kilograms) of camera equipment down to less than 400 pounds (181 kilograms).
席爾瓦必須想辦法把2,000磅(900公斤)的攝影設備削減到不到400磅(181公斤)。
More importantly, there was the question of how to transmit the news from the air to a receiving dish on a mountain, and ultimately to millions of people in Los Angeles.
更重要的是,如何把新聞從空中傳送到山上的接收碟,最終再傳給數百萬洛杉磯人。
According to what he said in a 2009 interview with Smithsonian Magazine, Silva is said to have, at one point during testing, slowly climbed out onto the right-side skid of the helicopter while it was airborne, without a safety harness, in order to find out why the cockpit was shaking and vibrating so violently.
根據2009年接受《史密森尼雜誌》(Smithsonian Magazine)訪問時所述,席爾瓦據稱曾於測試期間某一刻,趁直升機升空之際,未繫安全帶便緩緩攀爬至機身右側滑橇上,以查明駕駛艙何以劇烈震動搖晃。
At 6:30 p.m. on July 24, 1958, KTLA interrupted its regular programming to broadcast aerial footage overlooking the City of Angels.
1958年7月24日傍晚6時30分,KTLA中斷正常節目,轉而播出從天使之城上空俯瞰的畫面。
According to the magazine, the station consequently earned record advertising revenue, and Procter & Gamble even spent $250,000 to sponsor the "Telecopter" coverage.
據該雜誌報導,該台因此賺進創紀錄的廣告收入,寶鹼(Procter & Gamble)更斥資25萬美元贊助「Telecopter」報導。
"It expanded what news could do, just like a live camera on the ground," Stan Chambers, then a KTLA news correspondent, told the same foundation.
「它擴大了新聞能做到的事,就像地面上的直播攝影機一樣,」時任KTLA新聞特派員的史丹·錢伯斯(Stan Chambers)告訴同一個基金會。
He said that before that, "television news wasn't that important to many decision-makers.
他說,在那之前,「電視新聞對許多決策者來說沒那麼重要。
And then the helicopter really captivated everyone."
然後直升機真的迷住了所有人。」
News from the air embellished a dizzying era in television journalism, a time when TV news increasingly pursued live, real-time reporting.
來自空中的新聞點綴了電視新聞業一個令人眩暈的時代,當時電視新聞日益追求現場、即時報導。
Americans were utterly absorbed by the coverage of the 1992 Los Angeles riots, and, two years later, by the two-hour police chase of Simpson in a white Ford Bronco.
美國人全神貫注於1992年洛杉磯暴動的報導,以及兩年後辛普森白色福特Bronco長達兩小時的警方追車。
Together, these two events did much to establish the allure of live aerial crisis coverage.
這兩起事件共同在很大程度上有助於確立空中直播危機報導的魅力。
In 1977, a KNBC news helicopter crashed on its way back to the television station after covering the Santa Barbara wildfires, having run out of fuel; both the pilot and the camera operator were killed.
1977年,一架KNBC新聞直升機在完成聖塔芭芭拉野火的報導後,於返回電視台途中因燃料耗盡而墜毀,飛行員與攝影操作員均罹難。
Nine years later, a helicopter on a live rush-hour flight assignment for a New York City radio station's traffic reporter plunged into the Hudson River, killing the reporter and seriously injuring the pilot.
九年後,一架直升機為紐約市廣播電台的交通記者執行尖峰時段直播飛行任務,卻墜入哈德遜河,導致該記者死亡、飛行員重傷。
WNBC reporter Jane Dornacker was heard screaming as the helicopter went down: "Hit the water!"
WNBC電台的記者珍·多納克(Jane Dornacker)在直升機墜落時,被聽見尖叫:「撞到水了!」
However, in 2007, two news helicopters that were covering a police chase and broadcasting live on television collided and crashed, killing all four people on board; viewers saw a spinning, fragmented blur of images.
然而,在2007年,兩架報導警方追車並進行電視直播的新聞直升機相撞墜毀,機上四人全部罹難;觀眾看到的是一團旋轉、破碎的畫面。
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) stated that the crash occurred because two of the pilots, who were also working as reporters, were distracted by the chase on the ground.
美國國家運輸安全委員會(NTSB)表示,該起墜機之所以發生,是因為其中兩名同時兼任記者的飛行員被地面上的追車分散了注意力。
Veteran journalist Tammy Rose, who has more than 20 years of experience, was working at KPNX in Phoenix in 2007 when the two television helicopters collided, and she herself has lived through some harrowing incidents.
擁有超過20年資歷的資深記者塔米·羅斯(Tammy Rose)在2007年任職於鳳凰城KPNX時,正值那兩架電視直升機相撞之際,她也曾親歷一些驚險事件。
However, in an interview on Wednesday, she said that both reporters and pilots follow strict regulations to manage risk.
不過,她週三受訪時表示,記者和飛行員都遵循嚴格規範來管理風險。
After the crash in Phoenix, five local news stations reached an agreement to share a single news helicopter.
鳳凰城發生墜機事故後,當地五家新聞台達成協議,同意共用同一架新聞直升機。
As for Helicopters Inc., the company she works for in Houston, it expects its pilots to keep their flight altitude above 500 feet, so that even in the event of an emergency such as an engine failure, they still have enough altitude to respond.
至於她於休士頓任職的公司Helicopters Inc.,則期望旗下飛行員能將飛行高度維持在500英尺以上,如此一來,即便遭遇引擎故障等突發狀況,仍保有足夠的高度可供應變。
"A news helicopter is more than just a flying camera," said Ross, who now reports for ABC-13 in Houston and says her passion is what keeps her flying.
「新聞直升機不只是飛行的攝影機,」現為休士頓ABC-13報導、並表示自己的熱情讓她持續飛行的羅斯說。
"As an airborne reporter, I can see the bigger picture, communicate with the newsroom, gather information, and report live as events unfold."
「作為機上記者,我能看見更大的場景、與新聞編輯室溝通、蒐集資訊,並在事件發展時進行直播報導。」
NBC4 reported on Wednesday that Moreno and Masiniu have been hailed by two newsrooms, NBCLA and Telemundo 52, as "the eyes and ears in the sky."
NBC4週三報導,莫雷諾與馬西尼烏被NBCLA與Telemundo 52這兩個新聞編輯室譽為「天空中的眼睛與耳朵」。
Since they began working together in 2023, the two have accumulated hundreds of hours of flight time between them.
自2023年開始合作以來,兩人已共同累積數百小時飛行時數。
NBC4 reported that Masiniu is believed to have more than 30 years of flying experience and is highly respected in the industry.
NBC4報導,據信馬西尼烏擁有超過30年飛行經驗,並在業界備受尊敬。
Moreno is in awe of the breadth of topics the team is able to cover — and she appears to do everything except fly the helicopter.
莫雷諾對團隊能報導的主題之廣泛感到敬畏——而且她似乎除了駕駛直升機以外什麼都做。
"I'm not just a photographer or a reporter or an editor; I actually do all three at once," she told her alma mater, Chapman University.
「我不只是攝影師或記者或剪輯師,我其實同時做這三件事,」她告訴母校查普曼大學(Chapman University)。
In a social media post published on July 31 at Whiteman Airport, she said that while any breaking news story could be covered, the brush fires ravaging Southern California were of vital importance.
在7月31日於懷特曼機場(Whiteman Airport)發布的一則社群媒體貼文中,她說任何突發新聞都可納入報導,但肆虐南加州的灌木叢火災至關重要。
"This is really one of the news stories best suited to being covered from a helicopter, because a helicopter can show where the fire started, where it is heading, and which homes are under threat."
「這真的是最適合從直升機報導的新聞之一,因為直升機能展示火從哪裡開始、往哪裡去、哪些住宅受到威脅。」