American consumers are unhappy about high prices.
美國消費者對高物價感到不滿。
They are also angry and confused about the high-tech methods that restaurant chains and large retailers use to set prices.
他們也對連鎖餐廳和大型零售商制定價格的高科技手段感到憤怒與困惑。
Digital price tags on grocery store shelves are quickly replacing paper labels.
雜貨店貨架上的數位價格標籤正快速取代紙質標籤。
AI tools help companies predict how customers will react, and then decide what to charge.
人工智慧工具則協助企業預測顧客反應,藉此決定收費。
Terms like "dynamic pricing" and "surveillance pricing" are causing anxiety on social media.
「動態定價」和「監控定價」等詞彙在社群媒體上引發焦慮。
Some people suspect that different customers are charged different prices for the same product.
有人懷疑,不同顧客對同一商品被收取不同價格。
Katie Thomas leads a consumer behavior think tank at the consulting firm Kearney. She says there is major tension right now.
管理顧問公司科爾尼的消費者行為智庫負責人凱蒂·托馬斯表示,目前存在重大緊張關係。
The key question is whether companies or shoppers hold the power.
關鍵在於權力究竟掌握在企業還是購物者手中。
Companies that use these technologies say some of the worry comes from misunderstanding.
使用這些技術的公司則說,部分憂慮源於誤解。
Walmart CEO John Furner said digital price tags save employees time and keep prices up to date.
沃爾瑪執行長約翰·弗納表示,數位價格標籤節省員工時間,並讓價格保持最新。
He stressed that this does not change prices based on weather, time of day, or individual shoppers.
他強調,這並非依天氣、時段或個別購物者來調價。
He wrote that the company sets prices for products, not for people.
他寫道,公司是為產品定價,而不是為人定價。
But companies are not always transparent about collecting and using customer data. This makes consumers suspicious.
但企業對客戶數據的收集與使用並不總是透明,這讓消費者產生懷疑。
Lawmakers and regulators have started to take action.
立法者和監管機構已開始行動。
According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, at least 30 states have considered pricing bills this year.
據全國州議會會議統計,至少30個州今年審議了定價相關法案。
The Federal Trade Commission has also proposed an enforcement policy.
聯邦貿易委員會也提出執法政策。
The agency warned that companies may break consumer protection law. This could happen if they do not disclose that they use personal data to set individual prices.
該機構警告,企業若未披露使用個人數據設定個別化價格,可能違反消費者保護法。
The report says dynamic pricing means changing prices based on market conditions like supply and demand. Airlines and Uber are examples.
報導指出,動態定價是依供需等市場條件調整價格,航空公司與優步即為例子。
Electronic shelf labels let stores update prices electronically. They have long been used in Europe and Asia.
電子貨架標籤讓商店能以電子方式更新價格,在歐洲和亞洲早已使用。
Personalized pricing offers different prices based on a customer's location, income, or browsing habits. Some advocacy groups call it "surveillance pricing."
個人化定價則依顧客位置、收入或瀏覽習慣提供不同價格,部分倡導團體稱之為「監控定價」。
Algorithmic pricing uses software to suggest prices or set them automatically.
演算法定價則用軟體推薦或自動設定價格。
Artificial intelligence can help identify patterns in sales and competitors' prices.
人工智慧可協助辨識銷售與競爭對手價格的模式。