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As US retailers adopt AI pricing tools, consumer concerns intensify

As US retailers adopt AI pricing tools, consumer concerns intensify

C1🇨🇳 中文 → 🇺🇸 English

October 19th, 2026

As US retailers adopt AI pricing tools, consumer concerns intensify

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

American consumers are not only frustrated by high prices, but also angry and confused by the growing practice among chain restaurants and large retailers of using high-tech means to set prices.

美国消费者不仅对高昂的价格感到沮丧,还对连锁餐厅和大型零售商日益普遍地借助高科技手段设定价格的做法感到愤怒和困惑。

Digital price tags are rapidly replacing paper labels in grocery store aisles.

数字价格标签正迅速取代杂货店货架通道中的纸质标签。

AI tools help companies decide how much to charge by predicting how customers are likely to react.

人工智能工具通过预测顾客可能作何反应,协助企业决定定价多少。

Terms such as "dynamic pricing" and "surveillance pricing" have sparked anxiety on social media, leading users to suspect that different people may be charged different prices for the same product.

“动态定价”与“监控定价”等术语在社交媒体上引发了焦虑情绪,用户由此怀疑不同的人购买同一产品时是否会被收取不同的价格。

Americans are long accustomed to price fluctuations when booking flights, hotel rooms and ride-hailing services, but everyday spending is now being shaped by algorithms they do not understand and by personal data they may not realise they are sharing — a prospect that has struck a nerve.

美国人早已习惯预订航班、酒店房间和叫车时价格的变化,但日常支出正受到他们不理解的算法以及他们可能未意识到自己正在分享的个人数据的左右——这一前景触动了人们的神经。

"At present, there is significant tension over these algorithms and the use of robots and artificial intelligence regarding who actually holds the power: businesses or consumers," said Katie Thomas, who leads the internal consumer-behavior think tank at the management consultancy Kearney.

“目前,围绕这些算法以及机器人和人工智能的应用,究竟谁才真正掌握权力,存在着重大紧张关系:是企业还是消费者,”管理咨询公司科尔尼的消费者行为内部智库负责人凯蒂·托马斯表示。

Companies that have adopted the technology say that some of the concern stems from a misunderstanding of how their pricing tools work.

采用该技术的公司表示,部分担忧源于对其定价工具运作方式的误解。

In a blog post last month, Walmart CEO John Furner said that digital price tags both save staff time and keep prices updated in real time.

沃尔玛首席执行官约翰·弗纳上个月在一篇博客文章中表示,数字价格标签既节省了员工的时间,又能保持价格实时更新。

He said the tags are not intended to raise prices based on the weather, the time of day or individual shoppers.

他说,这些标签并非用于根据天气、一天中的时间或个别购物者来提价。

"We are pricing products, not pricing people," Furner wrote.

“我们针对的是产品定价,而非针对人定价,”弗纳写道。

However, companies do not always explain transparently what customer data they collect and how they use it, which inevitably makes consumers suspicious and gives rise to all kinds of speculation.

然而,公司对于所收集的客户数据及其使用方式并非总是予以透明说明,这难免令消费者心生疑虑并引发种种猜测。

For example, Thomas points out that social media posts once wrongly suggested that the electronic shelf labels Walmart planned to install in all its US stores would scan shoppers' faces or phones in order to set personalised prices accordingly.

例如,托马斯指出,社交媒体帖子曾错误地暗示,沃尔玛计划在美国所有门店安装的电子货架标签会扫描购物者的面部或手机,以据此设定个性化价格。

Legislators and regulators are taking action.

立法者与监管机构正在采取行动。

According to data from the National Conference of State Legislatures, lawmakers in at least 30 states have considered pricing bills this year, covering measures such as algorithmic pricing and personalised pricing.

根据全国州议会会议的数据,今年至少有30个州的立法者审议了定价法案,涉及算法定价和个性化定价等措施。

The Federal Trade Commission has proposed an enforcement policy, warning companies that failing to disclose their use of personal data to set personalized prices may violate consumer protection law.

联邦贸易委员会提出了一项执法政策,警告企业:不披露其利用个人数据设定个性化价格的行为,可能违反消费者保护法。

The following are several pricing practices and technologies that have come under scrutiny.

以下列举若干受到审查的定价做法与技术。

What it is: dynamic pricing refers to adjusting prices according to changing market conditions, including supply and demand.

它是什么:动态定价指的是依据包括供需在内的不断变化的市场条件来调整价格。

Airlines that adjust ticket prices as departure time approaches are precisely employing dynamic pricing.

随着出发时间临近而调整票价的航空公司,正是在运用动态定价。

Uber's practice of raising fares when demand exceeds the available supply of drivers (for example, during peak hours) is a form of dynamic pricing known as surge pricing.

优步在需求超过可用司机供应时(例如高峰时段)提高票价的做法,则属于一种被称为峰时定价的动态定价。

Why it matters: frequent price changes are far from confined to the food sector.

为何重要:频繁的价格变动远不止局限于食品领域。

The web data company Decodo tracked price changes in 2025 across a wide range of products, from electronics to clothing and home improvement goods.

网络数据公司Decodo追踪了2025年从电子产品到服装及家居装修用品等各类产品的价格变化。

Gabriel Vitek, a senior product marketing manager, said that about half of the US price changes the company recorded were price cuts, which is exactly the opposite of the assumption held by consumers that dynamic pricing only drives prices up.

高级产品营销经理加布里埃尔·维特克表示,该公司记录到的美国价格变化中约有一半为降价,这与消费者所持的动态定价只会推高价格的假设恰恰相反。

What exactly are they: a type of digital display that allows stores to update shelf prices electronically, without having to replace paper labels.

它们究竟是什么:一种数字显示器,使商店得以以电子方式更新货架价格,而无需更换纸质标签。

Why it matters: Digital price tags have been in use in Europe and Asia for some time, and they are attracting growing attention as they expand to major US retailers such as Walmart and Whole Foods.

为什么重要:数字价格标签在欧洲和亚洲已使用多时,而随着其向沃尔玛和全食超市等美国主要零售商扩展,正日益引发关注。

Consumer advocates argue that digital tags could eventually be used for peak pricing or personalised pricing.

消费者权益倡导者认为,数字标签最终可能被用于峰时定价或个性化定价。

Trade unions are likewise opposed to this technology.

工会同样对这项技术持反对态度。

Although electronic shelf labels make frequent price changes more convenient, they do not necessarily lead to price increases during periods of high demand.

电子货架标签虽使频繁调价更为便捷,却未必会在需求旺盛时期引发价格上涨。

Asa Farquhar of the retail technology company Relex Solutions points out that retailers usually update electronic shelf prices on a fixed schedule (often weekly), because shoppers value consistency.

零售技术公司Relex Solutions的阿萨·法夸尔指出,零售商通常按照固定时间表(往往是每周)更新电子货架价格,因为购物者看重一致性。

Researchers tracked prices at an unnamed grocery chain and found that after the labels were introduced there was "hardly any peak-time pricing".

研究人员追踪了一家未具名杂货连锁店的价格,发现引入标签后“几乎没有峰时定价”。

"Continuously adjusting prices throughout the day, the way airlines or ride-hailing apps do, is genuinely rare in today's grocery and general merchandise sectors," Farquhar said.

“像航空公司或网约车应用那样在一天之中持续不断地调整价格,这种做法在当今的杂货和一般商品领域实属罕见,”法夸尔表示。

What it is: Personalised pricing means offering different prices and discounts to customers based on their location, income, web-browsing habits and other information about individuals or groups of shoppers.

它是什么:个性化定价是指根据顾客的位置、收入、网页浏览习惯以及有关个人或购物者群体的其他信息,向顾客提供不同的价格和折扣。

Some advocacy groups and regulators use the term "surveillance pricing" to describe the same practice.

一些倡导团体和监管机构用“监控定价”一词来描述同样的做法。

Why it matters: It is not yet clear how widely companies use personal information to tailor prices.

为什么重要:目前尚不清楚企业利用个人信息定制价格的广泛程度。

A report published by Federal Trade Commission staff in January 2025 found that intermediaries offering customizable pricing and promotional tools work with at least 250 clients, including grocery and clothing retailers.

联邦贸易委员会工作人员于2025年1月发布的一份报告发现,提供可定制价格与促销工具的中介机构至少与250家客户存在合作,其中包括杂货和服装零售商。

Lawmakers in Maryland, New Jersey and Connecticut have recently enacted regulations that restrict the use of shoppers' personal data to determine the prices they pay.

马里兰州、新泽西州和康涅狄格州的立法者近期颁布法规,限制利用购物者的个人数据来确定其支付价格。

The laws in Maryland and New Jersey mainly target groceries, but make exceptions for certain loyalty discounts and other promotional offers; Connecticut's legislation, by contrast, covers a broader range of retail purchases.

马里兰州和新泽西州的法律主要针对杂货,但对某些忠诚度折扣及其他促销优惠设有例外;康涅狄格州的立法则涵盖范围更广的零售购买。

In 2022, California prosecutors filed a lawsuit against Target, alleging that the retailer's app showed lower prices before shoppers entered the store but raised them once they were inside.

加州检察官于2022年对塔吉特提起诉讼,指控该零售商的应用程序在购物者进店前显示较低价格,进店后却抬高价格。

Target has agreed to pay $5 million to reach a settlement and has pledged not to use so-called geofencing technology to raise prices again.

塔吉特已同意支付500万美元达成和解,并承诺不再借助所谓的地理围栏技术来抬高价格。

Target stated that this controversial app feature was intended to "provide customers with accurate prices, which may vary across different stores and channels".

塔吉特表示,这一存在争议的应用程序功能旨在“为顾客提供准确的价格,不同商店和渠道的价格可能有所不同”。

The retailer said it did not personalize prices based on customer data or behavior, and that it remains "committed to clear, transparent pricing".

该零售商称,其并未依据顾客的数据或行为对价格进行个性化设定,并依然“致力于清晰、透明的定价”。

Price differences do not necessarily mean that personal data has been used.

价格差异并不必然意味着个人数据遭到了使用。

Last year, a joint investigation by Consumer Reports, the Groundwork Collaborative and More Perfect Union found that shoppers on Instacart were shown different prices for identical items within the same store.

去年,《消费者报告》、Groundwork Collaborative与More Perfect Union联合开展的一项调查发现,Instacart上的购物者在同一家商店内购买相同商品时,所显示的价格却各不相同。

Afterwards, Instacart discontinued what it called a test in which shoppers were randomly assigned to different groups rather than having prices set based on their personal information.

此后,Instacart终止了其所谓的测试——该测试将购物者随机分配至不同组别,而非依据其个人信息来设定价格。

What exactly is it: algorithmic pricing uses software to recommend or automatically set prices.

它究竟是什么:算法定价借助软件来推荐或自动设定价格。

Companies have been using such systems for decades.

企业运用此类系统已有数十年之久。

Artificial intelligence can help software identify patterns in sales data, competitors' prices and other information, so as to predict demand and assess how different price levels will affect sales volume and profit.

人工智能能够协助软件识别销售数据、竞争对手价格及其他信息中的规律,从而预测需求,并评估不同价格水平将如何影响销量与利润。

These tools can support dynamic pricing and personalised pricing.

这些工具可为动态定价与个性化定价提供支持。

Why it matters: it remains unclear how widely retailers use artificial intelligence to assist with pricing, but research shows that companies across various industries are adopting this technology.

为何重要:目前尚不清楚零售商在多大范围内借助人工智能协助定价,但研究表明,各行业的企业均在采用这一技术。

Global consultancy Simon-Kucher conducted a survey last year of more than 2,200 business leaders across 39 industries in 28 countries, and 41% of them said they use AI software to gather market intelligence, including competitors' prices.

全球咨询公司西蒙顾去去年对28个国家39个行业的2200多名企业领导者开展了调查,其中41%表示他们使用人工智能软件收集市场情报,包括竞争对手的价格。

Another 28% said they use it for "real-time price optimisation".

另外28%表示他们使用它进行“实时价格优化”。

Price optimisation means choosing prices that advance business goals, such as increasing profits, attracting shoppers or clearing unsold goods.

价格优化意味着选择能够推进业务目标的价格,例如增加利润、吸引购物者或清理未售出的商品。

The National Retail Federation, which represents stores large and small, says algorithmic pricing offers retailers a new route to a practice they have long followed: monitoring and adjusting prices according to supply and demand, seasonality, competitors' prices and other factors.

代表大小商店的全国零售联合会表示,算法定价为零售商一贯的做法提供了一条新路径:即根据供需、季节性、竞争对手价格及其他因素来监控并调整价格。

Some lawsuits allege that the company used pricing algorithms to harm market competition.

一些诉讼指控该公司借助定价算法损害市场竞争。

The Federal Trade Commission's antitrust lawsuit against Amazon, filed in 2023, challenged a range of practices, including an algorithmic tool code-named "Project Nessie."

联邦贸易委员会于2023年对亚马逊提起的反垄断诉讼,对包括代号为“Nessie项目”的算法工具在内的多种做法提出了挑战。

The agency alleged that Amazon used this tool to identify products whose prices could be raised and which competitors were likely to follow, thereby earning more than $1 billion in excess profits.

该机构指控亚马逊利用该工具识别出可提价且竞争对手可能跟进的产品,从而获取了逾10亿美元的超额利润。

The trial is scheduled to take place next year.

审判预定于明年进行。

Amazon stated that the Federal Trade Commission's allegations constitute a "serious misrepresentation" of the pricing tool.

亚马逊方面表示,联邦贸易委员会的相关指控对定价工具作出了“严重歪曲”。

The e-commerce giant said that "Project Nessie" was designed to prevent retail price-matching practices from creating unsustainably low prices.

这家电子商务巨头表示,“Nessie项目”旨在阻止零售价格匹配做法造成不可持续的低价。

Amazon said it tested the tool for several years, but that it did not work as intended and was scrapped before the federal agency filed its lawsuit.

亚马逊表示,它对该工具进行了几年的测试,但该工具没有按预期工作,并在联邦机构提起诉讼之前被废弃。

Recently, a consumer lawsuit against McDonald's alleged that the company's pricing system used non-public sales data from competing locations to coordinate prices.

近期,一起针对麦当劳的消费者诉讼指控该公司的定价系统利用来自竞争地点的非公开销售数据来协调价格。

The Chicago-based burger giant said the lawsuit was "full of inaccuracies" and stated that the company provides this tool to its U.S. franchisees to help them set prices for their own restaurants.

这家总部位于芝加哥的汉堡巨头表示,该诉讼“充满不准确之处”,并称公司向美国加盟商提供这一工具,是为了帮助他们为自家餐厅设定价格。

October 19th, 2026

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