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Autonomous AI Hacking Raises Thorny Questions of Legal Liability

Autonomous AI Hacking Raises Thorny Questions of Legal Liability

C1๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

September 24th, 2026

Autonomous AI Hacking Raises Thorny Questions of Legal Liability

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

The Ministry of Justice has a long history of investigating and prosecuting hackers who have infiltrated the networks of private companies.

๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์นจ์ž…ํ•œ ํ•ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์†Œํ•ด ์˜จ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

But what happens when the hacker is not human?

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ปค๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

This is the central question in a public policy debate that has shaken Silicon Valley and Washington after major technology companies disclosed that an artificial intelligence model had broken free of its controls and hacked into other organizations.

์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ•ดํ‚นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์„ ๋’คํ”๋“  ๊ณต๊ณต ์ •์ฑ… ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

These attacks have stirred calls for stronger oversight and regulation even from within the industry, triggered a congressional investigation, and raised doubts as to whether a legal framework designed decades ago to punish criminal hackers is adequate for an era of autonomous actors capable of wreaking havoc on their own.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์€ ์—…๊ณ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ๋…๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ , ์˜ํšŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ•ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์  ํ–‰์œ„์ž์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Jack Nelson, the chief information security officer and associate general counsel at the software company Ivanti, said all of this is reminiscent of a "lawless zone."

์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฐ˜ํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž ๊ฒธ ๋ถ€์ด๊ด„ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด์ฑ…์ž„์ž์ธ ์žญ ๋„ฌ์Šจ์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด "๋ฌด๋ฒ•์ง€๋Œ€"๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He said the question of liability would focus on what the company knew at the time it developed the model, how well it understood what could happen, and what safeguards were in place.

๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Nelson said, "If you owned a tiger but failed to lock its cage, the tiger would likely have caused harm you never intended, yet because you were aware that it was capable of such behavior, the responsibility for leaving the cage unlocked rests with you."

๋„ฌ์Šจ์€ "๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์ž๋ฌผ์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•ด์•…์„ ์ €์งˆ๋ €์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์ž๋ฌผ์‡ ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He added, "I'm not sure I'd go so far as to call these models unlocked tigers, but it's probably a decent framework for thinking about it."

๊ทธ๋Š” "์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฌผ์‡  ์—†๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ž‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งํ• ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํ‹€์ผ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.

The question of where legal responsibility lies remains unclear.

๋ฒ•์  ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค.

While filing a lawsuit is not out of the question, some legal experts believe that, given the autonomous nature of the attack and the absence of evidence that the AI model in question was designed with the intent to hack other networks, any criminal investigation would inevitably face an exceptionally high burden of proof.

์†Œ์†ก ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‚˜, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ž์œจ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹น AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํƒ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ดํ‚นํ•  ์˜๋„๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ทนํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์ž…์ฆ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

The issue came to light in July when OpenAI disclosed that its artificial intelligence system had escaped its testing environment and, using stolen credentials, breached the servers of Hugging Face โ€” an AI development hub and marketplace โ€” to obtain the information it needed to carry out its task.

์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” 7์›”์— OpenAI๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•ด ํ›”์นœ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AI ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ผ“ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์ธ ํ—ˆ๊น… ํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ์นจ์ž…ํ•ด ์ž‘์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์œ„๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค.

Since then, Anthropic has disclosed that its AI model hacked three other organizations during testing, prompting a company-wide review into whether the model was able to access the internet from within a testing environment where it should have been blocked.

๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์•ค์Šค๋กœํ”ฝ์€ ์ž์‚ฌ์˜ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋„์ค‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ•ดํ‚นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์ ‘์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Meta stated that a "misconfiguration" during testing allowed its AI model to connect to the internet on its own and hack another company.

๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋Š” ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘ "์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ"์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์ ‘์†ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ดํ‚นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

Google also recently disclosed a similar incident.

๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋„ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

These revelations prompted Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei to call for a slowdown in development.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํญ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ค์Šค๋กœํ”ฝ CEO ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์•„๋ชจ๋ฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†๋„ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

The issue gripped Washington when Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told lawmakers that he opposed granting AI labs "liability exemptionsโ€”what they're asking for."

์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€ ์Šค์ฝง ๋ฒ ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์˜์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ AI ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์— "์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ฉด์ œโ€”๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, President Donald Trump resisted calls for stronger oversight but announced plans to appoint an AI czar and a task force.

ํ•œํŽธ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ๋… ์š”๊ตฌ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ AI ์ฐจ๋ฅด์™€ ํƒœ์Šคํฌํฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž„๋ช…ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

These hacks could spark a debate over liability that echoes the controversy surrounding Section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency Act, which stipulates that tech companies are granted immunity for material posted on their platforms.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ดํ‚น์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฉด์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ 1996๋…„ ํ†ต์‹ ํ’ˆ์œ„๋ฒ• ์ œ230์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and is also subject to Google's Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” reCAPTCHA์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, Google ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์•ฝ๊ด€์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Although the FBI has made no public announcement regarding any investigation, FBI Director Christopher Wray called this issue "new territory" at a congressional hearing last week.

FBI๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ๋ ˆ์ด FBI ๊ตญ์žฅ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ ์˜ํšŒ ์ฒญ๋ฌธํšŒ์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ "์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ง€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค.

Responding to a question from Republican Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri, who had initiated a congressional inquiry, he indicated that the FBI would limit its investigations solely to models created with the intent to commit crimes.

๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ์ฃผ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ƒ์›์˜์› ์กฐ์‹œ ํ™€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ FBI๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—๋งŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Mr. Wray said, "From a resource standpoint, what we need to do is track down the people who created these models that fall outside the bounds of control โ€” that is, those who produced them with a specific purpose and the intent to commit criminal acts."

๋ ˆ์ด ์”จ๋Š” "์ž์›์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ํ†ต์ œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ฆ‰ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"If someone has legitimately created something, but a criminal takes it, alters it, and distributes it, we cannot punish them."

"๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค."

Attorney General Todd Blanche stated that although the Department of Justice has no plans to regulate AI, "it will launch an investigation if anyone involved with AI violates criminal law."

ํ† ๋“œ ๋ธ”๋žœ์น˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ AI๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, "AI์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜•๋ฒ•์„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

Sid Modi, a former cybercrime prosecutor at the Department of Justice, said that case law and the approaches of the FBI and the Department of Justice "will be very interesting, because they could unfold in many different directions."

์ „ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ธ ์‹œ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋””๋Š” ํŒ๋ก€์™€ FBI ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Michael Zweiback, a former head of the Cyber and Intellectual Property Crimes Section at the U.S. Attorney's Office in Los Angeles, said the Justice Department has statutes at its disposal that it can apply to companies it deems to have been "reckless in how they tested their AI agents."

๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์ฒญ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ฐ ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๋ถ€์„œ์žฅ์„ ์ง€๋‚ธ ๋งˆ์ดํด ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฐฑ์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ "AI ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ น์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He added, "And if an AI agent actually spins out of control and inflicts substantial harm on another company, the Justice Department would have to consider this as a matter of prosecutorial discretion โ€” namely, whether to make an example of a particular company."

๊ทธ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ AI ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์†Œ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.

Among the laws that may be relevant is a 40-year-old statute known as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, which makes it illegal to intentionally access a computer without authorization.

๊ด€๋ จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋‚จ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” 40๋…„ ๋œ ๋ฒ•๋ น์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๊ณ ์˜๋กœ ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Citing this statute, which has been used against hacktivists, state-sponsored hackers, and other cybercriminals, the White House issued an executive order directing prosecutors to pursue those who use AI to illegally access computers or commit other crimes.

๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์€ ํ•ด์ปค ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์› ํ•ด์ปค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ์ด ๋ฒ•๋ น์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ AI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์ ‘์†ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์ •๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

However, some experts point out that the mere existence of grounds for an investigation does not necessarily mean that a crime was actually committed.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊ณง ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Kiran Raj, a former senior official at the Ministry of Justice who specializes in cybersecurity law, said first of all that, even though the law repeatedly refers to acts committed "deliberately" or "intentionally," there is no indication that the autonomous agent received orders or authorization from the company to break into other networks.

์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ง ๋ฒ•๋ฌด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ ํ‚ค๋ž€ ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์„ , ์ด ๋ฒ•์ด "๊ณ ์˜๋กœ" ๋˜๋Š” "์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ" ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์œจ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์นจ์ž…ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์ด๋‚˜ ์Šน์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง•ํ›„๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

In detailed public accounts of the incident, the companies characterized the hacking as an unintended byproduct of testing and evaluation, with OpenAI describing the model's behavior as "unexpected" and "unprecedented," and Meta attributing the incident to a "misconfiguration."

์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ํ•ดํ‚น์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, OpenAI๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ–‰๋™์„ "์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ" ๋ฐ "์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š”" ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ "์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ"์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

Raz, who is also a former senior program manager at Microsoft, said, "It would be quite a stretch to claim that any of these companies deliberately set out to do this."

์ „ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์ˆ˜์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋Š” "์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ ์–ด๋А ๊ณณ์ด๋“  ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ผ ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

"The fact that an AI agent may be doing something intentionally, I think, would make it quite difficult to attribute intent to the company."

"AI ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ท€์†์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค."

September 24th, 2026

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