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China is pushing for tech export restrictions, including on AI, citing national security risks.

China is pushing for tech export restrictions, including on AI, citing national security risks.

C1๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

October 19th, 2026

China is pushing for tech export restrictions, including on AI, citing national security risks.

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Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

On Friday, China announced that it plans to restrict or ban exports of 40 technologies spanning artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and solar power, amid intensifying technological competition with the United States and various other countries.

์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ, ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” 40๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

The Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology jointly released a draft document containing proposed revisions to the list of Chinese technologies whose export is prohibited or restricted.

์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ๊ฐœ์ •์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์ดˆ์•ˆ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

A spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce stated in a statement that the measure was "necessary," citing national security as one of the grounds.

์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์€ ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ "ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

The proposal came as China and the United States made progress in discussing plans to establish a notification system between the two superpowers regarding AI safety and governance, as well as AI incidents that could threaten national security.

์ด ์ œ์•ˆ์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด AI ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” AI ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๋‘ ์ดˆ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต๋ณด ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ง„์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค.

According to Chinese government ministries, the list released on Friday includes 23 AI technologies, ranging from advanced large-scale models to agents.

์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—๋Š” ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ 23๊ฐœ์˜ AI ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

US-led restrictions have curbed exports of certain advanced technologies to China over the past several years, and as a result, China is being denied access to the world's most advanced AI chips and the cutting-edge semiconductor manufacturing equipment used to produce them.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒจ๋‹จ์ธ AI ์นฉ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์ œ์กฐ ์žฅ๋น„์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Under China's proposal, the export of core technologies for large-scale AI models trained on sensitive national data would be prohibited, and the same applies to AI agents designed for use in highly sensitive environments such as national defense and critical information infrastructure.

์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ •๋ณด ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ AI ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค.

In a statement, the Ministry of Commerce said, "The Chinese government is implementing these necessary measures to strengthen the baseline of security, prevent misuse and abuse, and ensure that AI remains under human control."

์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด "์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ณด์•ˆ์˜ ์ตœ์ €์„ ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ AI๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ†ต์ œ ์•„๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.

Meanwhile, AI models with two trillion or more parameters, or those equipped with certain world-leading capabilities, may be subject to export restrictions.

ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใƒ‘ใƒฉใƒกใƒผใ‚ฟๆ•ฐใŒ2ๅ…†ๅ€‹ไปฅไธŠใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎไธ–็•Œๆœ€้ซ˜ๆฐดๆบ–ใฎ่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅ‚™ใˆใŸAIใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใฏใ€่ผธๅ‡บใŒๅˆถ้™ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

The number of parameters in an AI model is a core indicator that reflects its learning capacity.

AIใƒขใƒ‡ใƒซใฎใƒ‘ใƒฉใƒกใƒผใ‚ฟๆ•ฐใฏใ€ๅญฆ็ฟ’่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅๆ˜ ใ™ใ‚‹ไธญๆ ธ็š„ใชๆŒ‡ๆจ™ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

Chinese AI models, including Moonshot's Kimi K3 and Alibaba's Qwen 3.8-Max, are known to have more than 2 trillion parameters, but Friday's proposal did not single out any specific model.

๋ฌธ์ƒท์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฏธ K3์™€ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”์˜ Qwen 3.8-Max๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด 2์กฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ง€๋ชฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

The proposed export restrictions also cover various semiconductor design technologies, including some AI processing chips and memory chips.

์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ ์ œํ•œ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ AI ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์นฉ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์นฉ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ญ์‹œ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

It includes 12 solar power-related technologies, among them the polysilicon manufacturing technology that is a key raw material for the solar supply chain, along with 5 biomedical technologies, including those related to cell and gene therapy.

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์ž์žฌ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  12๊ฐœ์™€, ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ „์ž ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  5๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Lian Jie Su, a senior analyst at Omdia, a technology research and advisory group, said of the move, "It can be seen as a response to Western countries imposing sovereignty requirements on AI, robotics, telecommunications and other key technologies."

๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ ์˜ด๋””์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ์• ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์ง€์— ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "AI, ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™, ํ†ต์‹  ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋ฐฉ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

He sees the goal as regulating access to Chinese technology more effectively.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

In June, citing national security concerns, the US Department of Commerce asked Anthropic to prevent foreign nationals from using Fable 5 and Mythos 5, which are among its most powerful AI models.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒ๋ฌด๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 6์›” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์•ค์Šค๋กœํ”ฝ์— ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ AI ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ํŽ˜์ด๋ธ” 5์™€ ๋ฏธํ† ์Šค 5๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

This restriction was later lifted.

์ด ์ œํ•œ์€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํ•ด์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Gary Ng, a senior economist at the French bank Natixis, added that artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly strategically important to both China and the United States.

ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์€ํ–‰ ๋‚˜ํ‹ฐ์‹œ์Šค์˜ ์ˆ˜์„ ์ด์ฝ”๋…ธ๋ฏธ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ ์‘์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์–‘๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๋žต์  ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋”ํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.

"The world is becoming increasingly fragmented in terms of trade, investment, and access to technology," Ng said.

"์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์‘์€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

October 19th, 2026

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