America has long believed that anything is possible.
美國長期相信一切皆有可能。
This helped it become the world's largest economy.
這幫助它成為世界最大經濟體。
But this also made Americans love cheaters and fake doctors again and again.
但這也讓美國人一再愛上騙子和江湖郎中。
In 1897, a Baptist preacher made people believe something. He said he could make gold from Maine sea water.
1897年,一名浸信會牧師讓人相信他能從緬因州海水提煉黃金。
In 1925, Bailey Radium Laboratories sold "radium water."
1925年,貝利鐳實驗室推出「鐳水」。
It said it could bring back energy and cure impotence.
它宣稱能恢復活力、治癒陽痿。
The result was that it poisoned people with radiation.
結果是用輻射毒害人。
America also made Clark Stanley. He sold "snake oil rub."
美國也造就了賣「蛇油搽劑」的克拉克·史丹利。
There was also Charles Ponzi. He promised 50% profit in 45 days.
還有查爾斯·龐茲,他承諾45天內給50%利潤。
These old examples make people laugh.
這些舊例子令人發笑。
But we still believe claims that common sense cannot support.
但我們至今仍願意相信經不起常識判斷的主張。
For example, raw milk has special powers.
例如生牛奶有特殊功效。
Peptides can make people young again.
胜肽能讓人重返年輕。
Lydia Kang is a professor at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. She says people keep falling for tricks. The reason is simple and sad.
內布拉斯加大學醫學中心副教授莉迪亞·康恩說,人們不斷上當有個簡單而心酸的理由。
People really do not want to die.
人們真的不想死。
Deep inside, they want a long and full life. They want a life with no disability or pain.
內心深處渴望長久而豐盛、沒有失能或疼痛的人生。
Tali Sharot is a neuroscience professor at University College London. She says beliefs are not for showing the world exactly.
倫敦大學學院神經科學教授塔莉·沙羅特說,信念不是為了準確再現世界。
Instead, they are for getting the most rewards and avoiding harm.
而是為了獲得最多回報並避免傷害。
It does not matter if the belief is wrong.
即使信念錯誤也無所謂。
These trends are stronger in America.
這些傾向在美國被放大。
This is because America has tough optimism, individualism, and loose capitalism.
因為這裡有無情的樂觀主義、個人主義、監管寬鬆的資本主義。
There is also a desire to get a share.
還有想分一杯羹的慾望。
Kahn says companies take that hope and put it in a bottle.
康恩說,公司會拿走那份希望,裝進瓶子裡。
Then they sell it to you at a price they think you can pay.
再以他們認為你負擔得起的價格賣給你。
She says the guardrails are gone now.
她說,護欄現在已經沒了。
Social media makes things worse than before.
社群媒體讓情況比以前更糟。
The American public is in greater danger.
美國大眾處於更大的危險之中。