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Why is the Fed raising rates now? What does this mean?

Why is the Fed raising rates now? What does this mean?

C1🇹🇼 中文🇺🇸 English

September 17th, 2026

Why is the Fed raising rates now? What does this mean?

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

About six weeks ago, Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh announced that, despite internal disagreement, the central bank's policymakers had decided to keep the benchmark interest rate unchanged.

大約六週前,聯準會主席凱文·沃什宣布,儘管內部意見分歧,央行決策仍決議維持基準利率不變。

However, on Wednesday the Fed's rate-setting committee unanimously agreed to raise interest rates, and nearly all of the policymakers hinted that another rate hike later this year might be appropriate.

然而,週三聯準會的利率制定委員會一致同意升息,且幾乎所有決策官員均暗示,今年稍晚再升息一次或許是合適之舉。

So what exactly brought about this whole transformation?

那麼,究竟是什麼促成了這一切的轉變?

In short, the renewed fighting in the Middle East has once again driven oil prices higher.

簡言之中東重燃的戰火再度推高了油價

Moreover, there are signs that the economy is continuing to grow at a steady pace, even though inflation remains stubbornly high.

此外有跡象顯示儘管通膨依然頑固地居高不下經濟以穩健的步伐持續成長

Together, these three factors appear to have pushed the committee to shift from a wait-and-see stance to decisive action.

這三項因素似乎共同促使委員會從觀望模式轉向果斷行動

However, this move by the Fed does not necessarily mean that Americans will face significantly higher costs for mortgages or other borrowing in the short term, because financial markets appear to have confidence in the Fed's determination to fight inflation.

然而聯準會此舉未必代表美國人短期內將為房貸或其他借貸承擔顯著更高的成本因為金融市場似乎對聯準會抗擊通膨的決心抱持信心

On Thursday, the yield on 10-year US Treasury bonds even edged slightly lower, which is very likely a sign that investors' concerns about inflation have eased.

週四10年期美國公債殖利率甚至略微走低這很可能投資人對通膨憂慮緩解的跡象

The Fed's rate hike "eased concerns about whether the Fed was serious about stubborn inflation," said Oscar Munoz, head of U.S. economic research at TD Securities.

聯準會升息緩解了外界對聯準會是否認真看待頑固通膨的擔憂」,道明證券美國經濟研究主管奧斯卡·穆尼奧斯表示

"It also eased concerns about whether they were prepared to actnot just talk the talk, but actually follow through."

也緩解了對他們是否準備好採取行動擔憂——不只是嘴上說說而是真正付諸行動。」

The Fed raised the short-term interest rate under its control in order to slow down borrowing and spending and, ideally, to cool inflation.

聯準會調高其控制的短期利率減緩借貸支出,並理想上通膨降溫

The Fed's rate can influence longer-term costs such as mortgage rates, but the Fed does not directly control these costs.

聯準會的利率可以影響房貸利率較長期的成本聯準會並不直接控制這些成本。

For several months, Federal Reserve officials have been deliberating over whether the rise in oil and gasoline prices triggered by the war in Iran would have only a fleeting impact on inflation.

數個月來聯準會官員持續思量伊朗戰爭引發的油價汽油價格上漲,是否僅會對通膨造成短暫衝擊

If that were the case, raising interest rates might not be entirely justified: by the time higher borrowing costs began to weigh on the economy, the gasoline price shock could already be over, and inflation would subside on its own back to the Fed's 2% target.

若然如此升息或許不盡合理等到較高借貸成本開始拖慢經濟時,汽油價格衝擊可能已經結束通膨也會自行回落至聯準會2%的目標

However, now that the Iran war has entered its seventh month, Fed officials no longer regard this as merely a temporary shock.

然而,隨著伊朗戰爭如今進入第七個月,聯準會官員已不再認為這只是一時的衝擊。

At its previous meeting on July 29, the Fed's statement said that inflation was elevated, "partly reflecting supply shocks that have pushed up prices in some sectors, including energy."

在7月29日的上次會議上聯準會的聲明表示通膨偏高,「部分反映了供給衝擊,這些衝擊推高了某些部門的價格包括能源」。

However, the latest statement released on Wednesday removed the earlier reference to supply shocks, instead noting that consumer and business spending "have remained resilient."

然而,週三發布的最新聲明刪除了此前對供給衝擊的提法,轉而指出消費者和企業支出「一直具有韌性」。

Speaking at a news conference on Wednesday afternoon, Warsh said, "Our assessment of the ... geopolitical situation has changed."

沃什在週三下午的新聞發布會上表示:「我們對……地緣政治情勢的判斷已經改變。」

Meanwhile, petrol prices have been climbing steadily; according to AAA data, they reached $4.44 per gallon on Thursday, which is 38 cents higher than a month ago.

與此同時汽油價格呈現持續穩步攀升之勢;根據AAA的數據週四已達到每加侖4.44美元較一個月前高出38美分

As for diesel prices, they have hit a record high of $6.40 per gallon, a development that is bound to drive up the transport costs of many kinds of goods.

至於柴油價格則已創下每加侖6.40美元的歷史新高此一發展勢必推高眾多種類商品的運輸成本

Whenever the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, it sparks fears that higher borrowing costs will eventually weigh heavily on the economy and cause a recession.

每當聯準會升息都會引發擔憂認為較高的借貸成本最終將嚴重拖累經濟導致衰退

However, Warsh stressed that the economy is healthy and continues to grow despite repeated blows such as rising gasoline prices, tariffs, and higher interest rates.

然而沃什強調經濟狀況健康儘管一再遭受汽油價格上漲關稅較高利率打擊仍持續成長

"Our decision was made at a time when the US economy appears to be strengthening," Warsh said.

我們的決定是在美國經濟似乎正在增強的時刻做出的,」沃什說

"New hiring, private-sector earnings, and corporate capital investmentthese indicators have all improved in recent months and are moving in a positive direction."

新增招聘私部門收益企業資本投資——這些指標近幾個月來都有改善而且正朝好的方向發展。」

"When you take into account the relentless shocks and uncertainties in the geopolitical landscape, you will gradually come to appreciate the resilience of the American economy," he added.

「考量地緣政治格局中層出不窮的衝擊與不確定性,你便會逐漸領略到美國經濟的韌性,」他補充道。

Although the economy may be showing signs of acceleration, stubborn inflation has eroded Americans' take-home pay.

雖然經濟可能正顯示加速的跡象,但頑固的通膨已削弱了美國人的實得薪資

On a year-over-year basis, inflation has now been rising faster than average earnings for five consecutive months, making it harder for Americans to afford essentials such as petrol, food and rent.

以年增率來看通膨現已連續五個月比平均收入漲得更快讓美國人更難負擔汽油食物和房租等必需品

Warsh stated that the "poorest" groups "benefit the most" from stable growth and stable prices.

沃什表示,「最貧困」的族群從穩定成長和穩定物價中「獲益最多」。

Warsh stated that if the Federal Reserve could bring inflation down to its 2% target, Americans "would be able to come up for air when they receive their wages and achieve real growth in their take-home pay."

沃什表示,若聯準會能將通膨降至2%的目標,美國人「拿到工資時,就能浮出水面,並獲得實質的實得薪資增長」。

On Wednesday evening, President Donald Trump once again attacked the Federal Reserve and called for a substantial cut in interest rates, yet he did not launch any attack on Warshwhom he had appointed as chairman only earlier this year.

週三晚間總統唐納·川普再度抨擊聯準會並呼籲大幅降低利率卻未對沃什展開攻擊——他今年稍早才任命沃什為主席

This stands in stark contrast to Warsh's predecessor, Jerome Powell, who was the target of repeated personal attacks by Trump and was also subjected to a criminal investigation, which was later dropped.

這與沃什的前任傑羅姆·鮑爾形成鮮明對比鮑爾曾是川普反覆人身攻擊的對象還遭到刑事調查該調查後來被撤銷

"This committee is extremely hostile. They are highly politicized. They are making bad decisions. They are nothing but a bunch of politicians," Trump said, referring to the 12 Fed officials on the central bank's rate-setting committee.

這個委員會極度敵對他們高度政治化。他們正在做出錯誤的決策。他們無非是一群政客,」川普談及央行利率制定委員會12位聯準會官員如此表示

"They raise rates for no reason other than to make Trump do as badly as possible."

他們升息無非是為了讓川普盡可能做得越糟越好。」

However, economists argue that Trump's criticism does not hold up.

然而經濟學家卻認為川普的批評站不住腳

They point out that, aside from the Fed, the surge in long-term interest rates over the past two months can be attributed to multiple factors.

他們指出除了聯準會之外過去兩個月長期利率的飆升還可歸因於多重因素

For example, the 10-year US Treasury yield, which has a strong influence on mortgage rates, broke through 5% this week for the first time since 2023.

舉例而言10年期美國公債對房貸利率具有強烈影響本週更突破5%為2023年以來首見

Meanwhile, the weekly average rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages climbed to just under 7%, the highest level in more than 19 months.

與此同時30年期固定利率房貸的每週平均利率攀升至略低於7%創下超過19個月以來的最高水準

Wall Street investors demand higher interest rates before they are willing to hold bonds, partly because inflation remains elevated; they need higher rates to offset the impact of rising prices.

華爾街投資人之所以要求較高利率才願意持有債券,部分原因在於通膨仍然偏高;他們需要較高的利率來抵銷物價上漲的影響。

The surge in investment in artificial intelligence data centers has also driven up borrowing costs, as major technology companies have issued hundreds of billions of dollars in bonds to finance construction.

人工智慧資料中心投資的激增也推高了借貸成本,因為大型科技公司發行了數千億美元的債券來為建設融資

This flood of bonds has also pushed interest rates higher.

債券的洪流也推高了利率

Warsh also mentioned that economic growth was strengthening; as more businesses anticipate higher returns from new projects and therefore borrow more to expand, this tends to push interest rates up.

沃什還提到經濟成長走強;隨著更多企業預期新項目能帶來更高回報,因而擴大借貸以擴張,這通常會推高利率。

However, Warsh did not mention another factor pushing up interest rates that many economists have pointed to: the huge and ever-growing US government debt, which recently surpassed 40 trillion dollars and increased sharply during Trump's time in office.

然而沃什並未提及許多經濟學家所指出的另一項推升利率的因素龐大且持續累積的美國政府債務該債務近期突破40兆美元,並在川普任內大幅增長

He also did not mention tariffs, something his predecessor Powell frequently emphasised.

他也未提及關稅而這是他的前任鮑爾經常強調的事

September 17th, 2026

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