China said on Friday it plans to limit or ban exports of 40 technologies.

These include artificial intelligence, chips and solar power.

The Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology published a draft document together.

The document has the proposed updates.

A commerce ministry spokesperson said the move was "necessary."

The spokesperson gave national security as one reason.

The proposal came as China and the U.S. made progress in talks on AI safety and governance.

Twenty-three AI technologies are on the list.

They go from advanced large models to agents.

Exports of core technologies for AI large models would be banned.

These models are trained on sensitive national data.

AI agents for very sensitive settings would also be banned.

These settings include national defense and critical information infrastructure.

The commerce ministry said the measures aim to strengthen the security bottom line.

They also aim to stop misuse and abuse.

And they aim to keep AI under human control.

Exports of AI models could be limited.

This applies to models with 2 trillion or more parameters.

It also applies to models with certain world-leading capabilities.

The proposal did not name specific models.

Several chip design technologies are also included.

These include some for AI processing chips and memory chips.

Twelve solar power technologies are on the list.

These include technologies for making polysilicon.

Five biomedicine technologies are also included.

These include technologies related to cell and gene therapy.

Lian Jye Su is a chief analyst at Omdia.

He said the move can be seen as a response to Western countries.

These countries are posting sovereignty requirements on AI, robotics and telecommunications.

He believes the aim is to better control access to Chinese technologies.

Gary Ng is a senior economist at Natixis.

He said AI is increasingly strategic for both China and the U.S.

He said the world is getting more fragmented in trade, investment and access to technologies.