Venturing into the corner of a newsroom, you often catch sight of it pinned to the bulletin board, perhaps peeking out discreetly from behind the coffee pot—the code of ethics of the Society of Professional Journalists.
步入某家新闻编辑室的角落,你常能瞥见它张贴于公告栏之上,或许自咖啡壶后悄然探出——职业记者协会的道德准则。
The entire text, fewer than a thousand characters in length, fits neatly within the confines of a single poster.
全文不足千字,恰好可容于一张海报之幅。
"With all due respect," Axelrod — chair of the SPJ Ethics Committee and a longtime business reporter at Gannett — remarked.
“恕我直言,”阿克塞尔罗德——SPJ道德委员会主席,曾长期在甘尼特公司担任商业记者——如是说。
"This is a way to defend democracy and a means to protect society.
“这是捍卫民主的方式,也是保护社会的途径。
If society lacks journalists, we can only rely on divine providence."
若社会没有记者,就只能指望天佑吾人了。”
What Axelrod addressed went far beyond the mere existence of the guidelines, extending to the imperative of periodically updating them.
阿克塞尔罗德所论及的,远不止准则本身的存在,更在于对其不时加以更新的必要性。
This process is quite onerous, consuming roughly a year and entailing countless online and offline meetings, along with an incalculable amount of time devoted to feedback.
这一过程颇为繁重,需耗费约一年光景,并历经无数线上与线下的会议,以及投入于反馈中的难以计数的时光。
The gravity of this task compelled the committee, along with other media ethics experts, to convene in Indianapolis in June, following a series of prior consultations conducted via online meetings.
这项任务的严峻性促使委员会与其他媒体伦理专家在六月齐聚印第安纳波利斯,此前他们已通过多次线上会议进行磋商。
Clearly, this was by no means a leisurely way to while away a weekend.
显而易见,这绝非消磨周末时光的惬意之选。
"Well, there was no physical altercation," joked his colleague Chris Roberts, who serves as vice chair of the committee and is also a professor of journalism at the University of Alabama.
“嗯,并未发生肢体冲突,”他的同事克里斯·罗伯茨打趣道,此人系委员会副主席,同时担任阿拉巴马大学新闻学教授。
He explained, "There was no shortage of careful deliberation over the choice of words."
他解释道,“其间不乏大量斟词酌句的功夫。”
"We are scrutinizing artificial intelligence and how news organizations employ—and at times misemploy—this technology," Roberts observed, "for they confront this nascent technology, which, while capable of curtailing expenditures, may also engender a multitude of perils if wielded improperly or contrary to ethical principles."
“我们正在审视人工智能,以及新闻机构如何运用乃至有时滥用这一技术,”罗伯茨指出,“因为他们面对这一新兴技术,它虽能节省开支,但若运用失当或违背伦理,亦会招致诸多隐患。”
Another issue concerns the very designation of "professional journalist."
另一个问题涉及“专业记者”这一称谓本身。
In recent years, the number of independent so-called "creator-journalists" has surged dramatically.
近年来,独立的所谓“创作者记者”数量激增。
SPJ contends that they, too, should be subject to a set of guidelines.
SPJ认为,他们同样应当有准则加以规范。
(As always, the code constitutes voluntary guidance, carrying no binding force.)
(一如既往,该准则属自愿性指南,并无强制约束力。)
"What we are addressing is a world that no longer places its trust in us as it once did," Roberts remarked.
“我们所探讨的,是一个不再像往昔那般信赖我们的世界,”罗伯茨如是说。
"We speak of politicians and others who go to great lengths to disparage journalism, simply because it dares to expose their misdeeds.
“我们谈及政客及其他人士,他们无所不用其极地诋毁新闻业,只因它敢于揭露他们的过失。
In the meantime, the commercial operating model of journalism has undergone a seismic financial transformation, with a third of journalists now no longer employed by traditional news organizations."
与此同时,新闻业的商业运作模式在财务层面经历了翻天覆地的变革,如今有三分之一的记者已不再供职于传统新闻机构。”
All this and more constitutes ample grounds for a reassessment,” he said, “and serves as a reminder that certain standards ought to remain the norm, irrespective of whether you call yourself a journalist or the type of platform you work on.
所有这些乃至更多,都是重新审视的充分理由,”他说,“并提醒人们,某些标准应当成为标准,无论你是否自称记者,或你工作的平台类型如何。
Founded in 1909, SPJ boasts approximately four thousand members nationwide.
SPJ创立于1909年,在全国范围内拥有约四千名成员。
In 1926, the organization adopted its inaugural code of professional ethics; subsequently, in 1948, it established an ethics committee and has since revised the code five times—the most recent amendment occurring in 2014.
1926年,该组织通过了首版职业道德准则;随后于1948年设立道德委员会,并先后五次对准则进行修订——最后一次修订发生在2014年。
However, numerous other dimensions have undergone profound transformation.
然而,诸多其他层面已发生深刻演变。
The report annexed to the draft notes that, as the industry continues to contract, the number of positions in traditional newsrooms is steadily diminishing.
草案所附报告指出,随着行业持续萎缩,传统新闻编辑室的岗位数量正逐步缩减。
Concurrently, the report asserts that the ranks of citizen journalists, freelance writers, online opinion leaders, and commentators have risen markedly.
与此同时,报告称,公民记者、自由撰稿人、网络意见领袖及评论员的人数显著攀升。
Citing data from the Pew Research Center, the report indicates that in 2023, one-third of journalists were engaged in freelance or self-employed work.
报告援引皮尤研究中心的数据显示,2023年有三分之一的记者从事自由职业或自雇工作。
The report further notes that the presence of news media as a supervisory institution is steadily waning, and underscores that "individuals, organizations, and private investors lacking a background in journalism, upon acquiring or founding news outlets, not only steer the direction of news coverage and interfere with editorial decisions but also leverage these platforms to advance their personal agendas."
报告进一步指出,作为监督机构的新闻媒体其存在感正日趋式微,并强调“那些缺乏新闻从业背景的个人、组织及私人投资者,在收购或创办新闻机构后,不仅左右新闻报道的走向,干预编辑决策,还借此推动其个人议程。”
Consequently, the newly added clause stipulates: "It must be borne in mind that neither speed, technology, nor medium can serve as an excuse for inaccuracy or bias.
因此,新增条款阐明:“务必铭记,速度、技术或媒介皆不可成为失实或偏颇的托辞。
Regardless of the tools and technologies employed, journalists must bear ethical responsibility for their work."
无论采用何种工具与技术,记者均须对其工作承担伦理责任。”
In other words, ethical accountability ultimately rests with the journalists themselves, irrespective of whatever content artificial intelligence may generate.
换言之,伦理责任终究系于记者自身,无论人工智能可能生成何种内容。
However, the proposed draft — which, after the current consultation period concludes, will be put to a vote before a broader membership in October of this year — makes no explicit mention of artificial intelligence, referring only in general terms to tools and technologies, a move intended to ensure its continued relevance as technology evolves.
然而,该拟议草案——在当前的征询意见期结束后,将于今年十月交由更广泛的成员组织进行表决——并未明确提及人工智能,仅笼统地涉及工具与技术,此举旨在确保其能随技术演进而保持时效性。
Furthermore, the draft encompasses a range of issues, including verification mechanisms, disinformation, crime reporting, and image manipulation.
此外,草案还涵盖了核实机制、虚假信息、犯罪报道及图像伪造等一系列议题。
A notable addition — one that has also sparked considerable controversy — is the phrase: "Maintain vigilance and courage toward those in power, holding them accountable. Oppose the unjust marginalisation of those with lesser power."
一个值得关注的补充——同样也是引发广泛争议的——是这句话:“对掌权者保持警惕与勇气,追究其责任。对抗那些权力较小者被不公正边缘化的现象。”
What is particularly intriguing is the content it has replaced.
耐人寻味的是它所取代的内容。
The original wording was: "Speak up for the voiceless."
原文表述为:“为无声者发声。”
This phrasing was deemed problematic because it presupposes that certain groups lack the capacity to articulate their own concerns.
这一措辞之所以被视为不妥,是因为它预设了某些群体缺乏发声能力。
"The point we are trying to make," Degans observed, who serves as an NPR commentator and a professor of media ethics at Washington and Lee University, "is that certain specific groups may be marginalized in news coverage... (journalists) ought to proactively include them in the scope of reporting in relevant contexts, particularly when doing so would enhance the precision of the narrative."
“我们试图阐明的观点在于,”德甘斯指出,他身兼NPR评论员与华盛顿与李大学媒体伦理学教授之职,“某些特定群体在新闻报道中或许会遭到边缘化……(记者)理应在相关情境下主动将其纳入报道范畴,尤其是在此举能够提升叙事精确度之时。”
"We should not shy away from this fact," responded Chris Vaccaro, the current SPJ president, "merely because the industry is evolving, or the definition of a journalist is being reshaped."
“我们不应回避这一事实,”现任SPJ主席克里斯·瓦卡罗回应道,“仅仅因为行业在演变,或记者的定义在重塑。”
Vaccaro is confident that this code, already translated into multiple languages, will be widely adhered to.
瓦卡罗确信,这套已被译成多种语言的准则必将为众多人士所遵循。
He points out that the newsroom bulletin board has now extended to encompass the entire world.
他指出,新闻编辑室的公告板如今已延伸至整个世界。
"We would hardly presume that no one is paying attention, or that no one cares, or that journalism has swollen to a state of insignificance," Vaccaro conceded.
“我们自然不会臆断无人问津,或无人关切,亦或新闻业已膨胀至无足轻重之境,”瓦卡罗坦言。
"Its impact is of paramount importance."
“其影响举足轻重。”
Degans noted that he teaches two ethics courses, both of which delve deeply into the SPJ Code of Ethics.
德甘斯表示,他讲授两门伦理课程,两者均深入研习SPJ准则。
However, beyond nurturing young journalists, the code serves other critical purposes.
然而,除培育青年记者外,该准则尚具其他关键功用。
"If you find yourself under prolonged authoritarian rule, or operating in a country lacking a deep-rooted tradition of press freedom, how do you navigate its workings?
“倘若你身处长期威权统治之下,或在一个缺乏悠久新闻自由传统的国度运作,你如何厘清其运作机制?
You would inevitably turn to the SPJ Code, wouldn't you?"
你势必会求助于SPJ准则,难道不是吗?”
Others added: "I sincerely hope that those at the helm of news organizations will take the time to read these guidelines closely, for all too often they push their staff toward unethical conduct, leaving employees to navigate a precarious balance between upholding journalistic integrity and meeting their employers' expectations, striving to reconcile the two."
还有其他人表示:“我真心希望那些掌管新闻机构的人能认真阅读这套准则,因为太多时候他们迫使员工做出不道德的行为,而员工们则不得不在坚守新闻伦理与满足雇主期望之间艰难平衡,力求兼顾两者。”