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Peru's legal amendments have sparked concerns about the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.

Peru's legal amendments have sparked concerns about the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.

C1🇹🇼 中文🇺🇸 English

May 2nd, 2025

Peru's legal amendments have sparked concerns about the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.

C1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

Peru's
秘魯 (的)
recently
最近
amended
修訂的;修正的
Forestry
林業
and
Wildlife
野生動植物
Law
法律
has
sparked
引發
strong
强烈的
protests
抗議,反對
from
来自
environmental
環境的
and
indigenous
土著的,原住民的
groups,
團體;群體
who
fear
害怕;擔憂
it
will
accelerate
加速
the
destruction
破壞
of
the
Amazon
亞馬遜
rainforest
雨林
in
the
name
名稱
of
economic
經濟的
development.
进展
This
amendment
修正案
eliminated
廢除
the
requirement
要求;必要條件
for
landowners
地主
or
或者;或
businesses
企業;公司
to
obtain
获得
state
國家;政府
permission
許可,允許
before
以前,之前
converting
改變用途,轉變
forests
森林
to

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🇹🇼 中文

秘魯最近修改的《林業與野生動物法》引起了環保和原住民團體的強烈抗議,他們擔憂這項法律會以經濟發展為名,加快亞馬遜雨林的破壞。

這個修正案移除了土地所有者或企業在將森林改為其他用途前必須獲得國家許可的要求,這讓評論者擔心多年來的非法砍伐行為可能因此合法化。

秘魯法律防衛研究所原住民項目律師阿爾瓦羅·馬斯克斯·薩爾瓦多指出:「這件事令我們感到非常擔憂。」

馬斯克補充說,這項改革開了一個不好的先例,因為它「實際上把秘魯憲法上屬於國家遺產的土地私有化了」。他說:「森林不是私人的,它們是國家的。」

這項在三月獲得批准的修正案的支持者相信,它將使秘魯的農業部門穩定下來,並給農民帶來更多的法律保障。

美聯社試圖就此事訪問秘魯農業界的代表和支持該法律的國會議員,但大多數人沒有回應,只有一位農業界代表表示不便發表意見。

秘魯擁有僅次於巴西的亞馬遜雨林面積,超過七千萬公頃,是地球上生物多樣性最豐富的地區之一,也是許多原住民族的家園。

2011年的法律規定,改變森林土地用途前需要政府同意和環境評估。但最近的改變已經慢慢減少了這些保護。最新的修改甚至讓土地擁有者和公司可以跳過這個程序,並讓以前的砍伐變成合法。

秘魯憲法法院雖然廢除了一些部分,但在律師們提出挑戰後,還是保留了一項修正案。這項修正案允許以前不合法的土地使用改變變成合法。法律專家認為這是最危險的部分。

法院在判決中肯定了原住民社群應在法律改革中被徵詢意見,並再度強調環境部在森林劃分上的職責。

環境律師塞薩爾·伊潘扎總結道:「法院承認這項法律侵犯了原住民的權益,應該與部族諮詢,但仍然支持最具破壞性的部分。」

這場改革的動機與巴西前總統博索納羅時期相似,當時政治和經濟勢力聯手削弱環保,以支持農業企業。雖然巴西是由高度組織化的農業遊說團體主導,秘魯的情況則涉及較為鬆散但具影響力的聯盟。

在秘魯,支持者包括農業企業、土地投機者、非法採礦者和販毒者,也牽涉到擔心土地權利的中小型農民。

秘魯亞馬遜觀察組織的現場協調人弗拉基米爾·品托指出:「這裡合法與非法利益錯綜複雜地交織在一起。」

非營利環境調查局的秘魯主管茱莉亞·烏魯納加表示,她懷疑秘魯政府說修改法律是為了符合歐盟規定。歐盟很快會要求公司證明他們進口的產品,像是大豆、牛肉和棕櫚油,不是來自非法砍伐的土地。

她指出,若非法砍伐的木材製品被合法化並進入市場,將降低歐盟等規範措施的有效性。

烏魯納加認為,這不僅誤導了全球市場,也損害了透過貿易限制保護森林的行動。

歐盟負責秘魯經濟和貿易的主管奧利維耶·庫普勒說,最近修改的法律和歐盟的「無砍伐森林」規定沒有關係。

庫普勒在秘魯媒體採訪中說明,此法規目的為禁止購買與濫伐相關的產品,並非要求修法,而是強調如咖啡、可可、木材等產品須確保可追溯與永續性。

國內法院已無進一步幫助,民間團體準備把案件交給國際法庭,他們警告,這項裁決可能使其他國家以改革為由規避環境法,樹立危險先例。

對許多原住民領袖來說,這項法律直接威脅到他們的土地、社區及生活方式。

秘魯雨林跨族群發展協會董事會成員胡里奧·庫蘇里奇說,這個做法會鼓勵人們搶土地,並且讓本來就很脆弱的地區的環境管理變得更差。

庫蘇里奇指出:「我們的社群一直以來都不只保護我們的土地,也守護著地球的整體環境。」

May 2nd, 2025

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