However, over the past two years, delays in federal funding and concerns about the future prompted her to pack up her life into boxes.
然而,在过去两年里,联邦拨款的延迟以及对未来的担忧促使她把生活打包进箱子。
She moved to Finland with her husband and daughter and continued her research at the University of Helsinki — studying how the fish, shellfish, and seaweed that humans eat respond to climate change.
她与丈夫和女儿搬到了芬兰,并在赫尔辛基大学继续她的研究——研究人类食用的鱼类、贝类和海藻如何应对气候变化。
Last year, when the Trump administration began to disrupt American scientific research, dismantle the federal grant process, and try to exert greater political influence over which projects received funding, foreign universities saw an opportunity.
去年,当特朗普政府开始颠覆美国的科学研究、拆解联邦拨款流程,并试图对哪些项目获得资助施加更大的政治影响时,外国大学看到了机会。
They launched programmes designed to attract American researchers abroad, promising a more stable flow of funding and academic freedom.
它们推出了吸引美国研究人员出国的项目,承诺提供更稳定的资金流和学术自由。
Since then, many people have fallen into the trap.
自那以后,众多人士纷纷落入圈套。
Although the overall change across the country is difficult to quantify, scientists, researchers and professional bodies all say that this shift is obvious, unprecedented and deeply worrying.
尽管全国范围内的总体变化难以量化,但科学家、研究人员及专业团体均表示,这一转变显而易见、前所未有,且令人深感忧虑。
"You can talk to almost any university's vice president for research, and they will tell you they have lost one or two top faculty members," said Tobin Smith, senior vice president for government relations and public policy at the Association of American Universities.
“你几乎可以跟任何一所大学的科研副校长交谈,他们都会告诉你,他们失去了一两位顶尖教员,”美国大学协会政府关系与公共政策高级副总裁托宾·史密斯说。
However, according to a report published in April by the Coalition for Federal Research Funding, scientists in more than half of the US states have been recruited away by recruitment programmes in other countries.
然而,根据联邦研究资助商业联盟4月发布的一份报告,美国超过一半的州都有科学家被其他国家的招聘项目挖走。
In March last year, early-career biomedical scientists said that, compared with how they had felt six months earlier, they were now about 20 percentage points less likely to stay in the United States.
去年3月,处于职业生涯早期的生物医学科学家表示,与回忆六个月前的感受相比,他们“现在”留在美国的可能性低了约20个百分点。
Data from the American Physical Society show that the proportion of physics PhD graduates leaving the United States in 2025 was the highest in 30 years.
美国物理学会的数据显示,2025年物理学博士毕业生离开美国的比例是30年来最高的。
Countries such as Canada, France, Belgium and Finland are actively promoting the talent they have recruited from American institutions.
加拿大、法国、比利时和芬兰等国正大力宣扬其从美国机构招募到的人才。
Scientists say that for a country that is far ahead of the rest of the world in Nobel Prizes for medicine, physics and chemistry, this turn of events is troubling and unexpected.
科学家们表示,对于一个在医学、物理学和化学诺贝尔奖上遥遥领先于世界的国家而言,这一事态发展令人不安且出人意料。
Last year, Stovitz resigned from her position at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and became a research software engineer in the UK.
斯托维茨去年辞去了美国国家海洋和大气管理局的职务,转而成为英国的一名研究软件工程师。
She said that NOAA no longer aligned with her values, especially after she was asked to remove references to climate change and to diversity, equity and inclusion from its website.
她表示,NOAA已不再与她的价值观相契合,尤其是在她被要求从网站上删除有关气候变化以及多样性、公平和包容主题的提法之后。
She said that the turmoil in American science has become a common topic at scientific conferences.
她说,美国科学界的动荡已成为科学会议上的常见话题。
"Nowadays, when we meet in the UK, people talk about the US as if to say—I don't know what on earth is going on over there.
“如今在英国开会时,人们谈及美国时的口吻就像是——我不知道那里究竟发生了什么。
Things are not looking good," she said.
情况不妙,”她说道。
Frohlich's decision to leave had been a long time in the making.
弗罗利希离开的决定是经过长时间酝酿的。
As the American research landscape was being turned upside down, she was already worrying about safety and gun violence on US campuses.
当美国的研究格局遭到颠覆之际,她已然在担忧美国校园的安全状况与枪支暴力问题。
Then, at the University of California, Santa Barbara, her colleagues' research grants were repeatedly delayed or cancelled.
随后,在加州大学圣巴巴拉分校,她同事的科研拨款屡屡遭到推迟或取消。
Student researchers rushed into her office in tears, at a loss as to how to plan their futures.
学生研究人员泪流满面地冲进她的办公室,茫然不知该如何规划自己的未来。
She worried whether her research on climate change would receive federal funding in the future.
她忧心自己涉及气候变化的研究今后能否获得联邦资助。
"The cumulative effect of these developments ultimately made us acutely aware that, in my view, this is no longer our home," Fröhlich said.
“这些事情日积月累的效应最终使我们极为清醒地意识到,我认为这里已不再是我们的家了,”弗罗利希说道。
Recruited through a programme run by the Finnish Research Council, she now holds guaranteed funding of roughly $3 million over five years.
她通过芬兰研究委员会的一项计划获得招募,如今拥有五年总计约300万美元的保证资助。
She has moved into an apartment on the Baltic coast in Helsinki and is taking Finnish language courses offered by the university.
她搬入了赫尔辛基波罗的海沿岸的一套公寓,并正在修读大学提供的芬兰语课程。
The married biologists James Letts and Maria Maldonado were recruited by Monash University in Australia and resigned from their positions at the University of California, Davis.
已婚生物学家詹姆斯·莱茨和玛丽亚·马尔多纳多受澳大利亚莫纳什大学招募,辞去了他们在加州大学戴维斯分校的职位。
Letts is Canadian, while Maldonado comes from Argentina.
莱茨是加拿大人,马尔多纳多则来自阿根廷。
Both earned their doctorates in New York and conducted research in the United States for more than a decade.
二人均在纽约获得博士学位,并在美国从事科研工作十余年。
"I simply want to do good science and make discoveries, but at the same time I want my work to be meaningful.
“我仅仅希望做好科学并有所发现,但同时我也希望我的工作能够有意义。
Yet in the United States, the chance to achieve this seems extremely difficult," Letts said.
然而在美国,实现这一点的机会似乎极为艰难,”莱茨表示。
In the United States, 40% of Nobel Prizes in the sciences are won by immigrants.
在美国,科学类诺贝尔奖有40%由移民摘得。
Omar Yaghi, the 2025 Nobel laureate in chemistry, resigned from his position at the University of California, Berkeley, this year and moved to Tsinghua University in China to lead an artificial intelligence laboratory.
2025年诺贝尔化学奖得主奥马尔·亚吉于今年辞去加州大学伯克利分校的职位,转赴中国清华大学,领导一个人工智能实验室。
The United States remains a scientific powerhouse, with institutions across the country that possess strong research capabilities, abundant resources, and the ability to attract foreign scientists.
美国依然是一个科学强国,全国各地遍布着研究实力雄厚、资源充沛且能够吸引外国科学家的机构。
Even if every European country were to open its doors, their combined capacity would still be insufficient to accommodate every American scientist.
即便每个欧洲国家都敞开大门,其容纳能力也不足以接纳每一位美国科学家。
However, the erosion of reputation and the loss of talent may not be over yet.
然而,声誉的侵蚀和人才的流失可能尚未结束。
According to a tracking tool published by the State Democracy Center and the organization Grant Witness, the Trump administration has cut or frozen as much as $174 billion in federal grants since the president's second term began.
根据州联民主中心和Grant Witness组织发布的追踪工具,自总统第二任期开始以来,特朗普政府已削减或冻结了高达1740亿美元的联邦拨款。
A proposed rule put forward by the Office of Management and Budget could give political appointees greater control over which projects are funded in the future.
管理和预算办公室提出的一项拟议规则,可能让政治任命者对未来资助哪些项目拥有更大控制权。
A resolution passed by Congress has postponed the final decision on the rule until December.
国会通过的一项决议将该规则的最终决定推迟到12月。
Both the scientists who have already left and those still in the United States are concerned about what remains.
已经离开的科学家和仍在美国的科学家都对留下的东西感到担忧。
They say the next generation of scientists may struggle with fewer graduate programmes, less funding and reduced mentorship — and it could take a decade or more before American science truly feels these effects.
他们说,下一代科学家可能会因研究生项目、资金和指导减少而苦苦挣扎——美国科学事业真正感受到这些影响可能需要十年或更长时间。
According to admissions data collected by the Association of American Universities, the number of applicants accepted into doctoral programmes at major research institutions for the autumn of 2026 fell by 15% compared with last year.
根据美国大学协会收集的招生数据,主要研究机构2026年秋季博士项目录取的申请者人数较去年下降了15%。
One of the students affected is in fact someone supervised by Smith.
受影响的学生之一,正是史密斯所指导的一名学生。
The journalist's health and science reporting received funding from the Journalists' News Fund and private foundations.
记者的健康与科学报道获得了记者新闻基金及私人基金会的资助。
The Associated Press bears full responsibility for all content.
美联社对所有内容承担全部责任。
The standards governing AP's collaboration with charitable organizations, the list of supporters, and the areas of reporting that receive funding can all be found on AP.org.
有关美联社与慈善机构合作的标准、支持者名单以及受资助的报道领域,均可在AP.org上查阅。