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In an era of instant answers, educators are justified in advocating that children be allowed to struggle appropriately.

In an era of instant answers, educators are justified in advocating that children be allowed to struggle appropriately.

C2🇹🇼 中文 → 🇺🇸 English

September 11th, 2026

In an era of instant answers, educators are justified in advocating that children be allowed to struggle appropriately.

C2
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

When a child forgets to bring lunch, becomes stuck on a maths problem, or is at a loss about the route to some destination, a parent's instinctive response may be to intervene immediately.

當孩子忘卻攜帶午餐、於數學題前陷入困頓,抑或對前往某處的路徑茫然無措時,父母的本能反應或許是即刻介入。

Yet sometimes the problem itself is precisely an opportunity.

然而,有時問題本身即是一契機。

Developmental experts and educators maintain that children urgently need opportunities to grapple with everyday problems, inasmuch as working things out for themselves is a skill that must be deliberately practised.

發展專家與教育工作者表示,孩子亟需機會去應對日常問題,蓋自行設法解決乃一項必須加以練習之技能。

For parents, the challenge lies in discerning when to extend a helping hand and when to step back in a timely manner.

對為人父母者而言,箇中挑戰在於洞悉何時該伸出援手、何時該適時退讓。

There is a stark distinction between helping a child navigate a difficult situation and simply removing obstacles before the child has had any opportunity to attempt them.

協助孩子度過艱難處境,與在孩子尚無機會嘗試之前便逕行移除障礙,兩者判然有別。

In an era where answers or AI-generated assistance are often obtainable within mere seconds, granting children the space to work things out for themselves may prove exceedingly difficult to achieve.

在這個答案或AI生成的協助往往僅需數秒即可取得的時代,賦予孩子自行釐清事理的空間,或許殊難做到。

What independence looks like depends on a child's age, abilities, and circumstances, yet experts point out that it essentially entails learning to plan, make decisions, solve problems, recover from mistakes, and figure out what to do next.

獨立的樣貌取決於孩子的年齡、能力與所處情境,然專家指出,這實則意味著學習規劃、決策、問題解決、自錯誤中復原,以及釐清下一步該如何邁進。

The following is what experts say about how parents can give their children more opportunities to practice these skills.

以下是專家所述,父母得以如何為孩子提供更多機會演練這些技能。

This article forms part of the Associated Press's "Be Well" series, which is dedicated to a rigorous exploration of diverse domains such as health, fitness, diet, and mental well-being.

本文係美聯社「Be Well」系列報導之一環,該系列報導致力於縝密探討健康、健身、飲食與心理健康等多元範疇。

Should you wish to peruse further Be Well coverage, please consult the relevant material.

如欲閱覽更多Be Well報導,敬請參閱相關內容。

Children are able to access information to an unprecedented degree, while technology has furnished parents with an ever more diverse array of means by which to monitor their children's lives.

孩子得以史無前例地汲取資訊,而科技亦賦予父母愈益多元之途徑以監控子女生活。

They can track their children's whereabouts, consult their grades in real time, and promptly write to their teachers.

彼等得以追蹤孩子所在、即時查閱其成績,並旋即致函教師。

This means that parents are able to intervene before their children have even become aware that a problem exists, let alone devised a solution of their own.

此意味著父母得以在孩子尚無從意識到問題存在之前便行介入,遑論孩子自行構思解決之道。

Dr. Dana Suskind, a professor of surgery and pediatrics at the University of Chicago—and the author of the book Human Raised—says that this convenience has its drawbacks as well.

芝加哥大學外科與兒科教授達娜·蘇斯金德博士——其著作《人類教養》(Human Raised)之作者——表示,此種便利性亦有其弊端。

Suskind points out: "I believe the most important thing we can give our children is not the answer itself, but the experience of thinking it through for themselves."

蘇斯金德指出:「我認為我們所能饋予孩子的至要之物,並非答案本身,而是自行思索透徹的經驗。」

She elucidates that when parents intervene abruptly, children are deprived of the opportunity to hone their skills—such as pausing before taking action, recalling which strategies have worked in the past, and attempting novel approaches to solving problems.

她闡明,當父母驟然介入之際,孩子便遭褫奪了磨礪技能的契機,諸如在付諸行動前先行駐足、銘記往昔何種策略奏效,以及嘗試嶄新的解決途徑。

Dr. Stephanie Carlson, director of the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota, points out that if children seldom have the opportunity to experience struggle, then when they must figure something out on their own, it may well give rise to severe anxiety.

明尼蘇達大學兒童發展研究所所長史蒂芬妮·卡爾森博士指出,倘若孩童鮮少有機會經歷掙扎,則當其必須自行釐清某事物時,恐將引發嚴重焦慮。

When genuine danger is imminent, parents ought to intervene; when the risk is comparatively low, however, they can afford to slow down and deliberate over the problem together with their child.

當真正危險迫在眉睫時,父母理應介入;然則風險較低之際,他們大可放緩步調,與孩子共同商討問題。

This may entail posing open-ended questions to the child: What do you think?

此或意味著向孩子提出開放式問題:你覺得呢?

What might happen?

可能會發生什麼?

How will you resolve it?

你要怎麼解決?

What else could you try?

你還能試什麼?

Experts point out that allowing children to experience emotions such as boredom, frustration, impatience, or tension is genuinely conducive to their learning and equips them with a more solid foundation for adult life.

專家指出,令孩童體驗無聊、挫折、不耐煩或緊張等情緒,實有助於其學習,並使其為成年生活奠定更為穩固之基礎。

Crystal Hoffman, the chief executive of the National Children's Museum in Washington, D.C., stated that boredom not only stimulates creativity and play but also helps children build confidence and resilience.

華盛頓特區國家兒童博物館執行長基琳·霍夫曼表示,無聊不僅能激發創造力與遊戲,亦有助於孩子建立自信與韌性。

In her book 10 Rules for Raising Kids in a High-Tech World, the psychologist Dr. Jean Twenge elucidates that, compared with preceding generations, today's children and adolescents are markedly deprived of opportunities to spend time with their peers, to venture out and explore on their own, and to make autonomous decisions beyond the reach of adult supervision.

心理學家珍·特溫格博士於其著作《在高科技世界養育孩子的10條規則》中闡明,相較於歷代先輩,當今兒童與青少年得以與友儕共處、獨自外出探索,以及在成人監視目光所不及之處自主決斷的契機,已然大為匱乏。

She further notes that, by the twelfth grade of high school, the number of adolescents who possess a driver's license, have dating experience, or hold a paying job is likewise even scarcer than among previous generations.

她進一步指出,及至高中十二年級,擁有駕照、約會經歷或支薪工作的青少年,其人數亦較諸前代更形稀少。

Parents need not deliberately engineer scenarios in order to enable their children to cope with composure.

父母毋須刻意營造情境,俾使子女從容應對。

Experts point out that the ordinary affairs of daily life will of themselves create opportunities for children to practise acting autonomously.

專家指出,日常事務自會為孩子締造練習自主行動的契機。

Nicole North of Flagstaff, Arizona, a mother of two teenage girls, began having her daughters practise making minor decisions from an early age.

亞利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫之妮可·諾斯,身為兩名青少女之母,早於女兒稚齡時即著手令其習作微末抉擇。

For instance, when they were five, she would give them five dollars in a shop and have them work out what they could afford to buy, taking taxes and discounts fully into account.

譬如,於其五歲之際,彼會於店肆中予之五美元,令其核算自身所能購得之物,稅金與折扣悉數納入考量。

Now that they are teenagers, they do the grocery shopping themselves, and her eldest daughter manages her own credit card.

今者,彼等已屆青少年,會自行採買雜貨,而其長女正掌理自身之信用卡。

As the mother of four daughters in Chicago, Jamea Cunningham-Elder has come to recognize that there is no settled consensus as to the age at which a child ought properly to be expected to accomplish something independently.

身為芝加哥四個女兒的母親,潔米亞·坎寧安-艾爾德體認到,孩子究竟在何種年齡才理當被期許獨立完成某事,並無定論。

She assesses the scope of what each child is capable of handling, then grants them a modicum more autonomy, and quietly observes how matters unfold thereafter.

她會審酌每個孩子所能勝任的範疇,繼而賦予其稍多的自主空間,並靜觀其後續發展。

If they prove capable, they earn broader autonomy; and when they run into obstacles, she treats it either as an invaluable learning opportunity or as a sign that they are not yet ready.

倘若他們得以勝任,便會獲取更廣泛的自主權;而當他們遭遇窒礙之際,她會將其視為一次彌足珍貴的學習契機,抑或是他們尚未準備就緒的徵兆。

This also acknowledges something of paramount importance: independence does not mean that one must do everything single-handedly.

此舉亦肯認一項至關重要之事:獨立並不意謂凡事皆須獨力親為。

When a child recognises that they are utterly at a loss with a particular maths problem and consequently turns to their teacher for assistance, that in itself constitutes a rehearsal of independence; by the same token, the same holds true of those children who, having forgotten their homework, are nonetheless able to devise their own means of securing the information they require, rather than relying on their parents to telephone the teacher and sort it out on their behalf.

當孩子意識到自己對某道數學題束手無策,進而向教師尋求協助,這本身即是一種獨立性的演練;同樣地,那些忘卻作業、卻能自行設法覓得所需資訊,而非仰賴父母致電教師代為處理的孩子,亦復如是。

The same strategy is by no means universally applicable; parents must carefully weigh safety, maturity, and the surrounding circumstances.

同樣的策略並非放諸四海而皆準;父母勢必得在安全、成熟度與所處環境之間審慎權衡。

Caroline Chirichella, thirty-seven years old, resides in the Campania region of southern Italy, and she has always striven to afford her eight-year-old daughter Lucia a broader measure of freedom.

三十七歲的卡洛琳·奇里切拉棲居於義大利南部坎帕尼亞地區,她始終竭力賦予八歲女兒露西亞更為寬廣的自由。

Yet, constrained by her anxieties about street traffic, she remains hesitant about whether to allow her daughter to linger outdoors with friends.

然而,囿於對街衢交通的憂慮,她對於是否任憑女兒與友伴在外逗留一事,仍躊躇未決。

Beyond that, there remain certain situations in which the risk is comparatively low.

除此之外,尚存在若干風險相對較低之情境。

Chirichella stated that when Lucia neglected to put her homework down in writing, she and her husband ultimately stopped calling other parents or teachers.

奇里切拉表示,當露西亞忘卻將作業付諸筆墨之際,她與丈夫終究不再致電其他家長或老師。

She said to her daughter, "Your homework is your own responsibility."

她對女兒說道:「你的作業乃是你自身的責任。」

The journalist's education reporting is financially supported by several private foundations.

記者的教育報導獲多家私人基金會財務挹注。

The Associated Press bears full responsibility for all content.

美聯社對所有內容負全責。

AP.org contains the Associated Press's guidelines for collaborating with philanthropic organizations, a list of supporters, and the areas of reporting that receive funding.

AP.org載有美聯社與慈善機構合作之準則、支持者名單及受資助報導領域。

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