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Missouri is poised to spearhead a movement in the United States to exclude profits from stock sales from income tax.

Missouri is poised to spearhead a movement in the United States to exclude profits from stock sales from income tax.

C2🇨🇳 中文🇺🇸 English

May 9th, 2025

Missouri is poised to spearhead a movement in the United States to exclude profits from stock sales from income tax.

C2
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

JEFFERSON
杰斐逊
CITY,
城市
Mo.
密苏里州
(AP)
美联社
Investors
投资者
in
Missouri
密苏里州
who
have
seen
看见,看到
their
他们的
wealth
丰富
appreciate
理解;领会
through
通过
capital
資金
maneuvers
策略动作;调动
such
这样的,此类的
as
正如,正如…一样
trading
交易
stocks,
股票
real
房地产的;真实的
estate,
地产;财产
and
other
其他的
assets
资产,资产物
are
poised
准备好的,处于有利位...
to
到;去;往
receive
收到
an
一个
unprecedented
空前的,史无前例的
policy
政策
boon.
恩惠,好处
The
这,那个
state
is
actively
积极地
advancing
上涨
landmark
地标,里程碑
legislation
立法;法律
aimed
旨在
at
becoming
正在变成,逐渐成为
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
first
第一的
in
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
nation
国家
to
到;去;往

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🇨🇳 中文

坐落于密苏里州的杰斐逊城(美联社讯)— 在密苏里州,通过资本运作如股票、房地产及其他资产交易而实现增值的投资者群体,未来极有可能获得前所未有的政策馈赠。该州正积极推进一项具备里程碑意义的立法,旨在成为全美范围内首个将资本利得完全排除在个人所得税征收范畴之外的先驱者。

这项周三获取终核通过的律法,将自本年度始停征个人资本利得税,且若州财政收入维持增长,最终或将企业之此税种亦全数废止。此项税制撤销案现已呈送予共和党籍州长迈克·基霍,他已表明对此措施“极力赞同”。

支持者期冀此举可激活经济,然反对者则诟病取消资本利得税主要肥尾富贾,并缩减公立学校与公共服务之税基。共和党所掣肘之立法机构,在为耆耋与残疾群体增设税收抵扣,且新增尿布与女性卫生用品销售税豁免后,方才弭平民主党之诘难,推动该法案付诸阙里。

此项密苏里州特立独行的所得税豁免举措出台之际,今年已然有至少八个其他州,其共和党主导之立法机构业已采纳了更为寻常的所得税税率调降方案。与此同时,国会正就唐纳德·特朗普总统首个任期内推行之所得税优惠措施的续期与扩容进行审慎权衡。

资本利得税的界定、征收对象与适用情境有何具体阐释?

资本利得乃指出售诸如股票、加密货币抑或不动产等资产所得之收益。联邦政府对持逾一年之资产所衍生的长期资本利得课以税率低于常规所得之税。

所有征收所得税的州份均对资本利得课税;目前,根据非营利组织“税收基金会”之统计,密苏里州连同其他31个州及哥伦比亚特区,均对资本利得采行与工资及其他收入相同的税率,而有八个州对资本利得课征之税率低于其他收入。

然而,一些由民主党掌控的州府却剑走偏锋,逆流而行。例如,马里兰州议会上月业已批准一项议案,对年度所得逾三十五万美元者课征百分之二的资本利得税。与此同时,华盛顿州议员近期亦通过立法,针对资本利得超出一百万美元的部分,额外加征百分之二点九的税费。明尼苏达州业已针对逾一百万美元的资本利得及其他投资收益附加征税。

阐明废止资本利得税的理据何在?

主张废除资本利得税的人士认为,此税制不仅削弱了投资意愿,更倾向于鼓励资产的固化持有,而非促使其变现流转,进入经济流通的更广阔领域。

美国立法交流理事会(一个由保守派立法者和企业组成的社团)的首席经济学家兼主席乔纳森·威廉姆斯阐述道:“当你向某物课税时,该物之供给量必将递减。”他进一步指出:“此论断之核心要旨显然在于,你州冀望吸纳更多投资。”

尽管ALEC长期以来倡导废除州层面的资本利得税,但密苏里州众议院临时议长查德·珀金斯透露,这项提议乃是其于去年从一位朋友那里获取的灵感,该朋友任职于一家因上述税负而权益受损的员工持股建筑公司。此外,他还声称,他所草拟的法案亦有望裨益那些有意转让其土地的家庭农场主。

处理该法案的共和党籍州参议员柯蒂斯·特伦特断言,资本利得税诱发了“经济机遇的泯灭、金融体系的板结及工资水平的下行——诸此种种,皆削弱了密苏里州在全球化大背景下的内外部竞争力。”

此项税收的废止将如何重塑社会经济结构,并对不同利益攸关方造成何种深远影响?

持异议者断言,此举将主要惠及社会最顶端的阶层。

自由倾向的“预算与政策优先中心”州政策研究副主任山姆·瓦克斯曼表示,废除密苏里州的资本利得税将在全国范围内树立一个“令人担忧的先例”,并“加剧经济和种族不平等”这种痼疾。

一份政府研究揭示了,相较于部分少数族裔,白人家庭在申报资本利得方面展现出更高的倾向性。依据美国财政部2023年的报告所示,在中等收入的纳税人队列中,受益于联邦政府设定的资本利得及股息税率的白人家庭约占8%,而黑人家庭和西班牙裔家庭的相应比例则分别为3%与1%。

致力于反对废除资本利得税的非营利研究机构密苏里预算项目发布的数据揭示,在2022年,约有54.2万名个人所得税纳税人申报了资本利得,此数字仅占整体申报人群的五分之一。该机构进一步估算,拟议的80%税收减免将惠及最富裕的5%纳税人。

废止资本利得税将带来何种经济与社会层面的深远影响?

立法研究人员估测,若密苏里州彻底废止资本利得税,或将导致州府岁入每年锐减约2.62亿美元,然而此项估算在赞成与反对两派间引发轩然大波。

据密苏里州预算案项目测算,相关支出或将攀升至年均六亿美元的量级。

特伦特揣测,废除此项税赋将引致“经济增长骤升,长远来看则可衍变为愈益丰厚的税收进项”。

普林斯顿大学经济与公共事务领域资深教授欧文·齐达对过去四十年间各州施行的584例资本利得税率变动之宏观经济影响进行了深入的实证考察。其研究成果揭示,尽管下调资本利得税率确能刺激资产交易活跃度、诱导投资者锁定收益,然而由此衍生的交易量增益却远未能抵消税率降低所导致的财政收入耗损。

齐达对于密苏里州废除资本利得税能否引致大批投资与经济活动涌入抱持存疑的态度。

他认为,此举恐将导致财政收入断崖式下跌。

May 9th, 2025

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