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New Peruvian law may endanger the Amazon rainforest

New Peruvian law may endanger the Amazon rainforest

B2🇨🇳 中文🇺🇸 English

May 2nd, 2025

New Peruvian law may endanger the Amazon rainforest

B2
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

Peru
秘鲁
recently
最近
changed
改变了
a
一个
law
法律
about
关于
forests
森林
and
wildlife,
野生动物
which
哪个,哪些
has
拥有;持有
made
做出,决定
environmental
环境的,环保的
groups
小组,群体
and
local
当地的
people
very
非常,很
angry.
生气的,愤怒的
They
他们,她们,它们
are
worried
担忧的;烦恼的
that
那个,那种
this
change
改变了
will
將會
lead
导致
to
到;去;往
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
Amazon
亚马逊
rainforest
雨林
being
正在被
destroyed
被摧毁,被破坏
more
更多
quickly
快速地,迅速地
for
为了;给
profit.
利润
This
這,這個
change
改变
removes
移除,废除
a
一个
rule
规定,规则
that
那个,那种
required
要求
government
政府
permission
允许
if
如果
you
你;你们
wanted
想要
to
到;去;往

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🇨🇳 中文

秘鲁最近修改了一项关于森林和野生动物的法律,这让环保组织和当地人非常生气。他们担心这个修改会为了赚钱而更快地破坏亚马逊雨林。

这个修改取消了一个规定,就是如果你想把森林变成别的用途,需要先得到政府的同意。一些人担心,这样可能会让以前那些不合法的砍树行为变得合法。

秘鲁法律辩护研究所的律师阿尔瓦罗·马斯奎兹·萨尔瓦多说,这对我们来说很让人担心。

马斯奎兹说,这项改革开了一个不好的头,把秘鲁宪法规定的国家土地变成了私人财产。他说:“森林是国家的,不属于个人。”

支持这项新法律的人说,它在三月通过,会帮助秘鲁的农业更稳定,并让农民在法律上更有保障。

美联社联系了秘鲁农业公司的代表和支持这项法律的国会议员玛丽亚·泽塔·钦加,请他们发表评论。只有一个农业公司的人回复了,但他不想说。

一个叫雨林信托的组织说,秘鲁的亚马逊雨林面积很大,排在巴西后面。这片雨林有七千多万公顷,差不多是秘鲁国家面积的60%。这里有很多不同的动物和植物,也是50多个当地民族的家。有些民族自己住,不跟外面的人来往。这些民族对保护环境很重要,他们保护的雨林可以吸收二氧化碳,帮助让全球气候更稳定。

以前的法律规定,如果你想改变森林的用途,你需要得到政府的批准,并且要评估对环境的影响。但是最近几年,这些规定变得越来越弱。新的法律甚至允许人们不用政府批准就可以砍伐森林,而且以前砍伐的森林也变得合法了。

秘鲁的法院在一些律师反对后,还是支持了这项修改。法院虽然取消了修改案的一部分,但留下了最后一条规定,这条规定让以前不合法的土地使用合法了。法律专家觉得这是最危险的地方。

法院在判决中说,政府在改变法律时应该听取原住民社区的意见,并再次强调了环境部在决定森林区域方面很重要。

环境律师塞萨尔·伊本扎说:“法院承认这项法律伤害了原住民的权利,本来应该问他们的意见,但还是支持其中最坏的部分。”

这次改革的推动,和巴西前总统博索纳罗执政时的情况很像。那时,政治和经济力量为了支持农业,一起减少了对环境的保护。巴西的行动主要是一个组织很好的农业团体在负责,而秘鲁的行动则是一个组织没那么好,但很有影响力的团体在推动。

在秘鲁,支持这项行动的人包括大农场主、非法占地的人,以及做非法采矿和毒品买卖的人。一些担心自己土地安全的小农户也加入了他们。

环保组织亚马逊观察的秘鲁负责人弗拉基米尔·平托说:“我们看到的是合法和非法的事情混在一起。”

非营利组织“环境调查局”的秘鲁负责人朱莉娅·乌鲁纳加说,秘鲁政府修改法律,声称是为了遵守欧盟的规定。但她说,这并不是真的。欧盟很快会要求进口大豆、牛肉、棕榈油等产品的公司,证明这些产品不是来自非法砍伐的土地。

她说,如果非法砍伐的木头可以合法地卖到市场上去,那么欧盟等地的相关规定可能就不会那么管用了。

乌鲁纳加说,这对全球市场来说是个不好的信号,也让通过贸易限制来阻止森林砍伐变得更难了。

欧盟在秘鲁的经济和贸易负责人奥利维耶·库普勒说,最近的法律变化跟欧盟的无砍伐规定没有关系。

库普勒在秘鲁接受采访时说,这项规定是为了不让人们买那些因为砍树而来的产品。他说,这不需要改法律,但像咖啡、可可和木头这样的东西,要能知道是从哪里来的,而且生产的时候要对环境好。

因为在中国国内的法院已经不能再上诉了,一些民间团体准备把这个案子交给国际法庭。他们警告说,这个决定对其他想用改革做借口来不遵守环保法律的国家来说,是一个危险的开始。

对很多原住民领导人来说,这项法律直接威胁到他们的土地、社区和生活方式。

秘鲁雨林协会的胡里奥·库苏里奇说,这个做法会鼓励非法占地,让本来就管理不好的环境问题更严重。

库苏里奇说:“我们的人们一直以来不仅保护我们的土地,也保护地球。”

May 2nd, 2025

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