In a brazen escalation of hostilities, the Israel Defense Forces launched a comprehensive aerial assault on Tehran, targeting facilities instrumental in the production of uranium centrifuges and missile components; this elicited a retaliatory barrage from Iran, unleashing a fusillade of approximately 400 missiles and several hundred unmanned aerial vehicles, resulting in a confirmed death toll of at least 24 within Israeli territory, with Iran issuing a stark warning that any intervention by the United States would precipitate a full-scale regional conflagration.

While Donald Trump, then-President of the United States, gestured towards a more assertive American involvement, the conflagration resulted, according to Washington-based human rights organisations, in a reported death toll within Iran of at least 585 individuals, a figure which disturbingly includes 239 civilians.

Amidst the escalating conflict, a mass exodus from Tehran has precipitated crippling gridlock and widespread commercial closures, while diplomatic overtures between the United States and Iran persist, albeit without discernible advancements, against a backdrop of intensifying belligerence.