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How clocks and calendars came to be

How clocks and calendars came to be

A1๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด โ†’ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

August 14th, 2026

How clocks and calendars came to be

A1
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ English

Time is a big concern for all people.

์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

But there is no one way to measure it.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Culture, religion, money, and politics change how we track time.

๋ฌธํ™”, ์ข…๊ต, ๋ˆ, ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Elizabeth Cohen teaches politics at Boston University.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฒ ์Šค ์ฝ”ํ—จ์€ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

She says every way to measure time is a choice.

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์žฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

None of it is natural.

๊ทธ์ค‘ ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Calendars have been very different in history.

๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Some follow the sun.

์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Some follow the moon.

์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Some follow both.

์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Today, the Gregorian calendar is used around the world.

์˜ค๋Š˜, ๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ ฅ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

But other calendars are still used for religion or culture.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์€ ์ข…๊ต๋‚˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์ง ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Daylight saving time shows a wish for natural time.

์ผ๊ด‘ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ž์—ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Michael Oโ€™Malley says this.

๋งˆ์ดํด ์˜ค๋ง๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

He teaches history at George Mason University.

๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€ ๋ฉ”์ด์Šจ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

He says it only makes sense in a society that thinks a lot about clocks.

๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Industry changed time.

์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์–ด์š”.

Time was a natural rhythm before.

์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ „์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

Now it is a fixed schedule.

์ด์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์ผ์ •์ด์—์š”.

Oโ€™Malley says it tried to give people a regular sense of time.

์˜ค๋ง๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”.

In the 1800s, U.S. railroads made a system of four zones in 1883.

1800๋…„๋Œ€์—, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฒ ๋„๊ฐ€ 1883๋…„์— ๋„ค ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

This made time the same across the country.

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ™๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

The Prime Meridian goes through Greenwich, England.

๋ณธ์ดˆ ์ž์˜ค์„ ์€ ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€์š”.

It was chosen in 1884.

๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1884๋…„์— ์„ ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

Britain was a strong empire then.

์˜๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ œ๊ตญ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.

Kevin Birth says this.

์ผ€๋นˆ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์š”.

He teaches anthropology at Queens College.

๊ทธ๋Š” ํ€ธ์Šค ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์š”.

Time zones are political.

์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Countries and states make their own rules.

๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

China has one official time zone.

์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ณต์‹ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

It wants national unity.

๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

But local people follow natural daylight.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ ํ–‡๋น›์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Time can also control people.

์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Curfews or strikes are examples.

ํ†ตํ–‰ ๊ธˆ์ง€๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์—…์ด ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Cohen says time has a lot of power.

์ฝ”ํ—จ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํฐ ํž˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

People fight over it.

์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ธ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

They want to control others.

๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Or they want to stop control over them.

๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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