When a child forgets their lunch, is at a loss with a maths problem, or does not know how to get somewhere, a parent's instinct may be to step in immediately.
当孩子忘带午餐、面对数学题束手无策,抑或不知如何抵达某处时,父母的本能或许是即刻介入。
Yet sometimes the problem itself is precisely where an opportunity lies.
然而,问题本身有时恰恰蕴含着契机。
For parents, the real challenge lies in discerning when to lend a helping hand and when to step back in a timely manner.
对父母而言,真正的挑战在于把握何时施以援手、何时适时退后。
There is a fundamental distinction between helping children navigate difficulties and clearing obstacles on their behalf before they have even had a chance to attempt them.
帮助孩子渡过难关,与在他们尚未获得尝试机会之前便代为扫除障碍,二者之间存在本质区别。
In an era where answers or AI-generated assistance can be obtained within seconds, granting children the space to explore on their own and arrive at insights independently may prove exceptionally difficult.
在一个答案或AI生成的辅助仅需数秒即可获取的时代,给予孩子自行摸索、独立领悟的空间,或许殊为不易。
The specific manifestations of independence vary according to a child's age, abilities, and circumstances, but experts point out that at its core lies learning to plan, make decisions, solve problems, recover from mistakes, and clarify the direction of the next step.
独立自主的具体表现因孩子的年龄、能力及所处情境而异,但专家指出,其核心在于学会规划、决策、解决问题、从失误中恢复,并厘清下一步的行动方向。
The following are the ways, according to experts, in which parents can create more opportunities for their children to hone these skills.
以下便是专家所言的父母如何为孩子创造更多机会来锤炼这些技能的途径。
This article is part of the Associated Press's "Be Well" series, which focuses on areas such as health, fitness, diet, and mental well-being.
本文系美联社“Be Well”系列报道的组成部分,该系列聚焦于健康、健身、饮食以及心理健康等领域。
For more "Be Well" content, stay tuned.
欲阅读更多“Be Well”相关内容,请继续关注。
Children have unprecedented ease of access to information, and technology has also given parents more means of monitoring their children's lives.
孩子们获取信息的便捷程度可谓前所未有,而科技亦为父母提供了更多监控子女生活的手段。
They can track their children's location, check grades in real time, and email teachers instantly.
他们能够追踪孩子的位置、实时查阅成绩,并即刻给老师发送邮件。
This means parents may step in before a child is even aware that a problem exists, let alone before the child tries to solve it.
这意味着父母或许在孩子尚未意识到问题存在之前便已介入,更遑论设法解决了。
Suskind says, "I believe the most important thing we can give our children is not the answer, but the experience of figuring it out for themselves."
苏斯金德说:“我认为,我们能给孩子最重要的东西不是答案,而是自己弄明白的经历。”
She says that when parents step in immediately, children are deprived of the opportunity to practise a range of skills, such as pausing before acting, remembering what has worked before, and trying out new solutions.
她说,当父母立刻介入时,孩子就被剥夺了练习各种技能的机会,比如行动前先停一下、记住以前什么方法有效,以及尝试新的解决办法。
Dr. Stephanie Carlson, director of the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota, points out that if children rarely have to struggle, then when they must figure something out on their own, it can lead to severe anxiety.
明尼苏达大学儿童发展研究所所长斯蒂芬妮·卡尔森博士指出,如果孩子很少需要挣扎,那么当他们必须自己弄明白某件事时,可能会导致严重焦虑。
When genuine danger is imminent, parents should rightly step in; however, when the risk is relatively low, they might as well slow down and explore the problem together with their child.
当真正危险迫在眉睫时,父母理应介入;然而当风险相对较低时,他们不妨放慢节奏,与孩子共同探讨问题。
This may mean posing some open-ended questions to the child: What do you think?
这可能意味着向孩子提出一些开放式问题:你觉得呢?
What might happen?
可能会发生什么?
How could you solve it?
你可以怎么解决?
What else could you try?
你还能尝试什么?
Keelin Hoffman, the chief executive of the National Children's Museum in Washington, D.C., points out that boredom not only sparks creativity and play, but also helps children develop self-confidence and resilience.
华盛顿特区国家儿童博物馆首席执行官基林·霍夫曼指出,无聊不仅能激发创造力与游戏,还有助于孩子培养自信心与韧性。
In "10 Rules for Raising Kids in a High-Tech World," psychologist Dr. Jean Twenge writes that, compared with the previous generation, children and adolescents today have fewer opportunities to spend time with friends, travel on their own, and make decisions beyond the watchful eyes of adults.
在《在高科技世界养育孩子的10条规则》中,心理学家让·特温格博士写道,相较于上一代人,儿童和青少年如今与朋友相处、独自出行以及在成年人注视之外做决定的机会更少。
She writes that by their final year of high school, fewer teenagers than in previous generations have a driver's license, go on dates, or hold a paying job.
她写道,到高中最后一年,拥有驾照、约会或从事有薪工作的青少年比前几代人更少。
Nicole North, who lives in Flagstaff, Arizona, is raising two teenage daughters.
亚利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫的妮科尔·诺斯育有两个十几岁的女儿。
From an early age, she set about having them practise making small, everyday decisions.
早在她们年幼时,她便着手让她们练习做出一些微不足道的抉择。
For instance, when her daughters were only five years old, she would give them five dollars in a shop and let them work out for themselves what they could buy with that sum, taking both taxes and discounts into account.
譬如,当女儿们年仅五岁时,她会在一家商店给她们5美元,让她们自行盘算凭这笔钱能够买到什么,其中还需将税费与折扣一并纳入考量。
Now, as teenagers, they go grocery shopping on their own, and her elder daughter is managing her own credit card.
时至今日,作为青少年,她们会前往杂货店采购,而她的大女儿则正在打理自己的信用卡。
Jamie Cunningham-Elder of Chicago is the mother of four daughters.
芝加哥的杰米娅·坎宁安-埃尔德是四个女儿的母亲。
She has come to understand deeply that there is no universal standard for the age at which a child should be able to do something independently.
她深刻认识到,孩子究竟应在什么年龄独立完成某件事,并不存在放之四海而皆准的标准。
She carefully observes what each child can handle, then gives them more autonomy and watches to see how it goes.
她会仔细观察每个孩子能够应对什么,进而给予她们更多的自主空间,并静观其效。
If they handle things with ease, they earn greater independence.
倘若她们能够应对自如,便会赢得更大的独立性。
But once they encounter setbacks, she weighs whether it is a valuable learning experience or a sign that they are not yet fully prepared.
而一旦她们遭遇挫折,她便会斟酌:这究竟是一次弥足珍贵的学习经历,还是她们尚未做好充分准备的征兆。
When a child realizes they cannot solve a maths problem and takes the initiative to ask the teacher for help, this in itself is an exercise in independence; likewise, a child who has forgotten to do their homework and finds a way to obtain the information on their own, rather than having their parents call the teacher, falls into the same category.
孩子意识到自己无法解答一道数学题而主动向老师求助,这本身便是在锻炼独立性;同样,忘记做作业的孩子设法自行获取信息,而非让父母致电老师,亦属此理。
Caroline Kirikela, a 37-year-old mother, lives in the Campania region of southern Italy.
37岁的母亲卡罗琳·基里凯拉栖身于意大利南部的坎帕尼亚地区。
She has always spared no effort in granting her eight-year-old daughter Lucia more freedom.
她始终不遗余力地赋予8岁女儿露西娅更多的自由。
However, given her fears about the traffic conditions on the streets, she remains hesitant about whether to let her daughter stay out alone with friends.
然而,鉴于对街头交通状况的忧惧,她在是否让女儿独自与朋友们在外逗留一事上仍旧踌躇不决。
The journalist's education reporting received funding from several private foundations.
记者的教育报道得到了多家私人基金会的资助。
The Associated Press takes full responsibility for all content.
美联社对所有内容全权负责。
For information about AP's standards for collaborating with philanthropic organizations, a list of supporters, and the areas of coverage that receive funding, please visit AP.org.
有关美联社与慈善机构合作的标准、支持者名单以及受资助报道领域的信息,请查阅AP.org。