Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh faced a series of challenging inquiries during a Senate hearing on Wednesday, covering the potential impact of artificial intelligence on inflation, his interactions with President Donald Trump, and how the central bank assesses the persistence of inflation, yet he offered few specific details.
聯準會主席凱文·沃什週三在參議院聽證會上面臨一系列棘手的質詢,涵蓋人工智慧對通膨的潛在影響、他與總統唐納·川普的互動,以及央行如何評估通膨的持續性,但他並未提供太多具體細節。
Since taking office seven weeks ago, Walsh has indicated that he will provide less guidance than his predecessor regarding the Federal Reserve's next interest rate moves.
自七週前上任以來,沃什已表明他將比前任提供更少關於聯準會下一步利率行動的指引。
However, he has largely refrained from explaining how the central bank might respond more broadly to potential economic shifts, a stance that has frustrated many Federal Reserve watchers.
然而,他基本上避免解釋央行可能如何更廣泛地應對潛在經濟變化,此舉令許多聯準會觀察家感到沮喪。
"I do not believe that a one-time price change is necessarily inflationary, because the supply side is bound to respond accordingly," he stated in response to the potential impact of large-scale investment in AI infrastructure.
「我不認為一次性價格變動必然具有通膨性質,因為供應面勢必會有所因應,」他在回應大規模投資AI基礎設施可能造成的影響時如此表示。
"Will this push up prices over the next twelve months? I think it is possible.
「這是否會在未來十二個月內推升物價?我認為有此可能。
However, whether this ultimately constitutes inflation will have to be determined by the Federal Reserve, and we will offer our assessment at that time."
然而,這究竟是否構成通膨,最終仍須由聯準會定奪,我們屆時自會提出看法。」
As high-tech companies invest hundreds of billions of dollars in data centers and computing equipment, the cost of computer memory and processing chips has risen sharply.
隨著高科技公司對數據中心和運算設備投入數千億美元,電腦記憶體與處理晶片的成本大幅上漲。
Companies such as Apple, Microsoft, and Dell have stated that they are consequently compelled to raise the prices of laptops, tablets, and gaming consoles.
蘋果、微軟和戴爾等公司表示,它們因此被迫調漲筆記型電腦、平板電腦和電玩主機的價格。
According to the minutes of the Federal Reserve's most recent meeting, held on June 16–17, a 'majority' of the 19 officials on the Federal Funds Rate Setting Committee noted that 'the persistently robust demand for artificial intelligence infrastructure could exert upward pressure on the prices of technology products and electricity.'
根據聯準會6月16日至17日舉行之最近一次會議紀錄,聯邦基金利率制定委員會的19位官員中,「多數」成員指出,「人工智慧基礎設施持續強勁的需求,可能對科技產品及電力的價格構成上漲壓力。」
Within the committee, there is significant disagreement over whether to raise interest rates later this year.
委員會內部對於今年稍晚是否調升利率,存在顯著分歧。
On the second day of his congressional testimony, Warsh also attempted to downplay the positive inflation data released on Tuesday and Wednesday, data that could have made his role as Federal Reserve chair easier.
在國會作證的第二天,沃什也試圖淡化週二和週三公布的正面通膨數據,這些數據本可讓他的聯準會主席工作更輕鬆。
As inflation weakens, the pressure on the Federal Reserve to cool borrowing and spending through interest rate hikes has correspondingly diminished.
隨著通膨減弱,聯準會透過升息以冷卻借貸與支出的壓力也隨之減輕。
The government announced earlier on Wednesday that wholesale inflation showed signs of easing in June; the day before, the consumer price index recorded its first decline from May to June in six years.
政府於週三稍早公布,六月份批發通膨出現放緩跡象;而在此前一天,消費者物價指數自五月至六月錄得六年來首次下滑。
On an annual basis, the inflation rate has dropped from 4.2% in May to 3.5% last month.
以年增率計算,通膨率已從五月的4.2%降至上個月的3.5%。
Conversely, Walsh stated that he would consult a working group he had established, which is specifically dedicated to examining the data sources employed by the Federal Reserve.
相反地,沃什表示他將參考其創立的一個工作小組,該小組專門研究聯準會所採用的數據來源。
He hinted that the working group might propose measures to assist government statistical agencies in 'performing more effectively within a constantly evolving economy.'
他暗示該工作小組可能提出方案,協助政府統計機構「在不斷變化的經濟中做得更好」。
Walsh announced last week the formation of five working groups, which will also evaluate the Federal Reserve's inflation framework, the impact of artificial intelligence on employment and productivity, and the trillions of dollars in government bonds held by the Federal Reserve.
沃什上週宣布成立五個工作小組,這些小組還將評估聯準會的通膨框架、人工智慧對就業與生產力的影響,以及聯準會持有的數兆美元政府公債。
Furthermore, Walsh reiterated that he would act independently in his capacity as Federal Reserve Chair and resist any political pressure from Trump to lower interest rates.
此外,沃什重申他將以聯準會主席身分獨立行事,並抵制川普任何要求降低利率的政治壓力。
However, he did not directly answer whether he had communicated with Trump since taking office.
然而,他並未直接回答自上任後是否曾與川普通訊。
Trump has repeatedly criticised his predecessor Jerome Powell, accusing him of failing to cut interest rates sufficiently, and his administration has even pushed for an investigation into Powell's brief testimony before the Senate regarding the Federal Reserve building renovation, a move that has sparked deep concern over the future of the Fed's independence.
川普多次抨擊其前任傑羅姆·鮑威爾,指責他未能充分調降利率,其政府甚至推動調查鮑威爾在參議院就聯準會大樓翻修案所作的簡短證詞,此舉引發外界對聯準會獨立性未來走向的深切憂慮。