Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh faced a series of probing inquiries during Wednesday's Senate hearing, encompassing the impact of artificial intelligence on inflation, his interactions with President Donald Trump, and the central bank's methodology for assessing inflation persistence; nonetheless, he refrained from furnishing specific details.
聯準會主席凱文·沃什週三於參議院聽證會上面臨一系列棘手的質詢,涵蓋人工智慧對通膨的影響、他與總統唐納·川普的互動,以及央行如何評估通膨的持續性,然而他並未提供具體細節。
Since assuming office seven weeks ago, Walsh has signalled that he will offer less guidance on the Federal Reserve's forthcoming interest rate decisions than his predecessor did.
自七週前履新以來,沃什已表明他將較其前任提供更少關於聯準會後續利率決策的指引。
Nevertheless, he has largely refrained from elucidating how the central bank might respond to potential economic shifts on a broader scale, a stance that has left numerous Fed watchers profoundly disheartened.
然而,他基本上迴避闡釋央行可能如何更宏觀地因應潛在的經濟變遷,此舉令眾多聯準會觀察家深感挫敗。
"I do not consider a one-off price change to be inherently inflationary, as I anticipate corresponding adjustments on the supply side," he articulated in response to a query regarding the ramifications of large-scale investment in AI infrastructure.
「我不認為一次性價格變動必然具有通膨性質,因我預期供應面將產生相應調整,」他在回應關於大規模投資AI基礎設施影響的提問時如此表述。
"Will this move elevate measured prices over the next twelve months? I deem it plausible.
「此舉是否將於未來十二個月內推升衡量物價?我認為確有可能。
However, whether this phenomenon falls within the purview of inflation is a determination to be made by the Federal Reserve, and we shall proffer our perspective on the matter."
然而,此現象是否歸屬於通膨範疇,則由聯準會裁決,我們亦將就此提出見解。」
As high-tech behemoths channel hundreds of billions of dollars into data centres and computing infrastructure, the cost of computer memory and processing chips has consequently surged precipitously.
隨著高科技巨擘於數據中心與運算設備上投入數千億美元資金,電腦記憶體與處理晶片的成本因而急遽攀升。
Corporations such as Apple, Microsoft, and Dell have indicated that this trend compels them to raise the retail prices of laptops, tablets, and video game consoles.
蘋果、微軟及戴爾等企業表示,此一趨勢迫使它們不得不調漲筆記型電腦、平板電腦與電玩主機的售價。
According to the minutes of the Federal Reserve's most recent meeting, held on June 16–17, 'many' of the 19 officials on the Federal Funds Rate-setting Committee noted that 'the persistently robust demand for artificial intelligence infrastructure is likely to sustain upward pressure on the prices of technology products and electricity.'
根據聯準會於6月16日至17日舉行之最近一次會議的紀錄,聯邦基金利率制定委員會的19名官員中,「許多」人指出,「人工智慧基礎設施持續強勁的需求,可能會維持對科技產品及電力價格的上漲壓力。」
Within the committee, there is considerable dissension regarding whether to raise interest rates later this year.
委員會內部對於今年稍晚是否調升利率,存在顯著分歧。
The day after his congressional testimony, Warsh deliberately downplayed the positive inflation data released on Tuesday and Wednesday, which theoretically should have alleviated the burden of his responsibilities as Federal Reserve Chair.
在國會作證的次日,沃什刻意淡化了週二與週三所公布、理論上應能減輕其聯準會主席職責負擔的正面通膨數據。
As inflationary pressures abated, the necessity for the Federal Reserve to curb borrowing and expenditure through interest rate hikes correspondingly diminished.
隨著通膨壓力趨緩,聯準會透過升息以抑制借貸與支出的必要性亦隨之降低。
The government announced earlier on Wednesday that wholesale inflation had moderated in June; the preceding day had seen consumer prices decline from May to June for the first time in six years.
政府於週三稍早公布,六月份批發通膨已見趨緩;此前一日,消費者物價自五月至六月出現六年來首度下滑。
Calculated on an annual basis, the inflation rate has fallen from 4.2% in May to 3.5% last month.
若以年增率計算,通膨率已由五月份的4.2%降至上個月的3.5%。
In contrast, Warsh stated that he would take into account the opinions of the task force he established, which is specifically responsible for scrutinising the data sources employed by the Federal Reserve.
相較之下,沃什表示他將參酌其所創立之工作小組的意見,該小組專責審視聯準會所採用的數據來源。
He intimated that the task force might propose several initiatives to enable government statistical agencies to "perform more effectively within an ever-evolving economy."
他暗示該工作小組可能提出若干方案,使政府統計機構「在不斷變化的經濟中做得更好」。
Warsh announced last week the establishment of five task forces, which will further examine the Federal Reserve's inflation framework, the impact of artificial intelligence on employment and productivity, as well as the trillions of dollars in government bonds held by the Federal Reserve.
沃什上週宣布成立五個工作小組,並將進一步檢視聯準會的通膨框架、人工智慧對就業與生產力的影響,以及聯準會所持有的數兆美元政府公債。
However, when Senator John Kennedy, a Republican from Louisiana, inquired about how the Federal Reserve System determines whether inflation is "transitory or permanent," Warsh retorted: "You are addressing a significant and intractable issue by means of five task forces."
然而,路易斯安那州共和黨籍參議員約翰·甘迺迪就聯邦準備系統如何判定通貨膨脹係屬「暫時性抑或永久性」一事提出質詢之際,沃什回應道:「閣下係以五個專案工作小組來應對重大且棘手之議題。」
Furthermore, Warsh reaffirmed that he would uphold the duties of the Federal Reserve Chair, acting with independence and resolutely resisting any political pressure exerted by Trump's repeated demands for interest rate cuts.
此外,沃什重申,他將恪守聯準會主席職責,以獨立自主之姿行事,並堅決抵制川普屢次要求降息所施加的任何政治壓力。
However, he did not directly address whether he had communicated with Trump since assuming office.
然而,他並未正面回應自其就任以來,是否曾與川普通訊聯繫。
Trump has repeatedly excoriated his predecessor, Jerome Powell, for what he deems insufficient rate cuts, and his administration has even instigated an inquiry into Powell's succinct testimony before the Senate regarding the Federal Reserve building's renovation, a move that has precipitated profound apprehension among observers concerning the future trajectory of the central bank's independence.
川普曾屢次抨擊其前任傑羅姆·鮑威爾,指責其降息幅度不足,其政府甚至推動調查鮑威爾在參議院就聯準會大樓翻修案所發表之簡短證詞,此舉引發外界對聯準會獨立性未來走向之深切憂慮。