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Profound concerns regarding the ecological devastation of the Amazon rainforest stemming from Peruvian legislative amendments.

Profound concerns regarding the ecological devastation of the Amazon rainforest stemming from Peruvian legislative amendments.

C2🇨🇳 中文🇺🇸 English

May 2nd, 2025

Profound concerns regarding the ecological devastation of the Amazon rainforest stemming from Peruvian legislative amendments.

C2
Please note: This article has been simplified for language learning purposes. Some context and nuance from the original text may have been modified or removed.

🇺🇸 English

Recent
最近的
amendments
修正案;修订
to
到;去;往
Peru's
秘鲁的
Forestry
林业
and
Wildlife
野生动物
Law
法律
have
provoked
引起
a
一个
torrent
洪流;急流;(情感、...
of
condemnation
谴责
from
从;来自
environmental
环境的,环保的
advocates
倡导者;支持者
and
indigenous
原住民的,本土的
communities,
社区
who
fear
害怕,担心
these
这些
revisions,
修订,修改
ostensibly
表面上地
aimed
旨在
at
economic
经济的
development,
发展
will
將會
hasten
加速
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
Amazon
亚马逊
rainforest's
雨林
descent
衰退,恶化
into
进入
an
一个
irreversible
不可逆转的
state
of
degradation.
退化;恶化
The
这,那个
amendment
修正案;修改;修订
abrogated
废除;取消
the
這, 那, 這個, ...
prior
先前的
stipulation
规定;条款;契约
necessitating
使成为必要
state
authorisation
授权;批准

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🇨🇳 中文

秘鲁近来针对《林业与野生动植物保护法》所颁行的修订条文,已招致环保倡议者与原住民社群排山倒海般的挞伐,盖其忧心此番修正或将假借经济发展之辞,加速亚马逊雨林步入万劫不复之境。

该修正案废止了既往要求土地所有者或实体在改变森林用地性质前须经国家许可的条款,而批评者们则忧虑此举或将致使积年的非法伐林活动得以涤白。

对我们而言,此情此景着实令人忧虑万分,秘鲁法律辩护研究所原住民项目律师阿尔瓦罗·马斯奎兹·萨尔瓦多如是说。

马斯奎兹续称,此举开辟了令人不安之先河,实质性地私有化了秘鲁宪章所明确界定的国家所属土地,其论断为:“森林非属私产,实乃国有。”

该修正案之支持者断言,此已于三月获致通过之法案,将助益秘鲁农业部门之稳定,并赋与农户更多之法律确定性。

美联社就此事件联系了秘鲁农业商业领域的几位代表以及该法案的坚定拥护者国会议员玛丽亚·泽塔·钦加,试图获取他们的评论与证实;仅有农业部门的一位人士予以了回复,但选择不予置评。

根据非营利机构“雨林信托”的数据,秘鲁坐拥亚马逊雨林中仅次于巴西的广袤腹地,绵延逾七千万公顷,覆盖秘鲁约六成的国土。此地不仅是地球上生物多样性最为丰饶的区域之一,亦是五十余个原住民社群世代栖居之所,其中不乏奉行自我隔离生活方式的族群。这些社群构成了生态系统至关重要的守护者,其对雨林的维系,通过大量吸纳作为气候变化主要驱动因子的温室气体二氧化碳,进而对全球气候起着稳定作用。

2011年颁行的原《林业与野生动植物保护法》要求任何林地用途转换前,须获得国家首肯并完成环境影响评估。然而,近年来的系列改革却渐次蚕食了这些防护壁垒。最新的修订法则破天荒地许可土地所有者及企业规避上述核准流程,甚或追溯既往,为既往的森林伐除行为赋予合法性。

秘鲁宪法法院,在一群法律界人士提出宪法异议后,确认了该修正案的有效性,尽管其驳回了修正案的若干条文,但维系了其最终条款,该条款追溯性地为先前未获法律认可的土地用途变更赋予合法地位,法律从业者认为,该部分蕴含着最大的潜在危害。

该裁决昭示法院认可了原住民社群理应于法制变革中获得充分的咨询,并再次确认了环境部在林区划分问题上的重要职权。

环保法学家塞萨尔·伊本扎总结称:"法院承认该法律侵犯了原住民的权益,(部落)理应得到充分咨询,但却仍支持其最具破坏性的部分。"

此番变革之推展,堪与巴西前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗执政时期之态势相颉颃,彼时政经势力合流,共削环保之规制,以利农业企业。巴西之举,诚由一组织严密之工农游说团体执牛耳;然秘鲁之版本,则牵涉一组织虽显松散,却极具影响之同盟。

在秘鲁,此举的支持者阵营可谓包罗万象,涵盖从农业综合企业的既得利益集团到土地投机者,乃至与非法采矿和毒品贩运活动有着千丝万缕联系的各色人等。甚至连那些因对土地所有权缺乏保障而感到惴惴不安的中小农户,也身不由己地被裹挟进了这场行动的漩涡。

亚马逊观察秘鲁分部负责人弗拉基米尔·平托一针见血地指出:“我们所目睹的,乃是合法与非法利益盘根错节的共生状态。”

非营利组织环境调查局秘鲁区域总监茱莉亚·乌鲁纳加严厉指出,秘鲁政府目前正“不实宣称”此项修正案旨在迎合欧盟相关规范,而欧盟即将强制要求进口大豆、牛肉、棕榈油等商品的商企出具凭证,证实其货源并非源自非法毁林之地。

她指出,若非法砍伐所得产品经合法化后被准许投放市场,此举将显著削弱诸如欧盟等需求方所设法规的规制效力。

乌鲁纳加宣称:"此举向全球市场释放了误导性讯号,并挫伤了旨在借助贸易壁垒遏制森林采伐的尝试。"

欧盟驻秘鲁经济与贸易部门主管奥利维耶·库普勒断然否认近期法律修订与欧盟旨在遏制森林砍伐的法规存在任何牵连。

在接受秘鲁媒体采访时,库普勒阐述,该项法规意在杜绝采购与森林砍伐有染之商品,其施行毋需进行法条更张,而仅需确保咖啡、可可及木材等货品具备详尽之可追溯性与可持续性凭证。

鉴于国内司法程序已然穷尽,民间组织正在筹备将该宗案件递交国际法庭,并严厉警示此项裁决恐将为其他假借改革之名以规避环保法规的国家开启一危险先河。

对于诸多原住民领袖而言,该部法例无疑直接对他们的疆域、社会群体及其生活范式构成了存续性威胁。

秘鲁雨林发展跨族群协会董事会成员胡里奥·库苏里奇断言,此举无异于姑息养奸,不仅会助长土地僭越,更将加剧本已风雨飘摇的区域环境监管失效。

库苏里奇阐述道:“我们的社群不仅在传统上负责保护我们的疆域,更承担着守护整颗地球的深层责任。”

May 2nd, 2025

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