May 2nd, 2025
The Chinese economy registered an annualised growth rate of 5.4% in the first quarter, according to official figures released on Wednesday, underpinned by robust export performance in anticipation of the impending and significant tariff hikes imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump on goods originating from China.
Amidst the pervasive uncertainties engendered by the trade conflict, analysts project a considerable deceleration in the trajectory of the global economy's second-largest player over the ensuing months, particularly as punitive tariffs, reaching exorbitant levels of 145% on imports from China, are progressively implemented. Beijing, in a reciprocal measure, has imposed commensurate tariffs of up to 125% on American exports, whilst simultaneously underscoring its unwavering commitment to preserving the openness of its domestic markets to foreign commerce and investment.
Concurrently, the Chinese paramount leader, Xi Jinping, embarks upon a tour of various Asian nations this week, wherein he endeavours to champion the tenets of free trade, portraying the People's Republic as a fount of "stability and certainty" amidst prevailing global volatility.
Concurrent with Xi Jinping's diplomatic sojourns in Vietnam, Malaysia, and Cambodia, the United States government disclosed that a high-level emissary from the State Department, Sean O'Neill by name, was slated to embark upon a week-long itinerary encompassing Vietnam's principal metropolises, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, alongside Siem Reap in Cambodia and metropolitan Tokyo.
Concurrently, China has been accentuating its trade focus towards nations beyond the United States at myriad trade expositions, thereby underscoring the immense scope of its market and its formidable competitiveness as a preeminent manufacturing powerhouse.
Fueled by robust export performance, the Chinese economy demonstrated a compelling 5% annualized growth trajectory in 2024, aligning closely with the official governmental target for the current fiscal period, also posited at circa 5%.
Sheng Laiyun, a spokesperson for the National Bureau of Statistics, conveyed to the press that while the tariffs were poised to exert near-term strain on China's economy, they were unlikely to fundamentally impede its long-term expansion, a sentiment underpinned by the observation that China's export share to the United States had decreased from exceeding 19% five years prior to below 15% of its aggregate export volume.
"The economic underpinnings of China are characterized by their inherent stability, remarkable resilience, and prodigious potential for growth. We possess the requisite conviction, the demonstrable capacity, and the unwavering self-assurance to effectively navigate external exigencies and attain our predetermined developmental objectives," affirmed Sheng.
The economy's quarterly trajectory witnessed a deceleration in growth, registering a mere 1.2% expansion in the January-March period, a significant attenuation from the robust 1.6% surge observed in the preceding quarter of 2024.
In the context of enterprises expediting shipments to preemptively circumvent the imposition of levies by the Trump administration, Chinese exports experienced a propitious upsurge, manifesting in an increment exceeding 12% year-on-year in March and a near 6% expansion in terms of US dollar valuation during the inaugural quarter, an impetus that has underpinned the robust manufacturing dynamism witnessed over the preceding several months.
Much of this impetus was front-loaded – precipitated by a surge of preemptive activity preceding the escalation of U.S. tariffs and an inventory accrual within the United States as importers hastened to anticipate and mitigate the impending effects," noted Stephen Innes of SPI Asset Management in a published analysis.
In the preceding quarter, industrial output experienced a substantive increment of 6.5% vis-à-vis the corresponding period of the prior year, primarily attributable to a nearly 11% expansion in the output of the equipment manufacturing sector.
The most robust augmentation manifested within the ambit of advanced technologies, evinced by the proliferation in the fabrication of battery electric and hybrid vehicles, which experienced an extraordinary year-on-year accretion of 45.4%, while the yield of 3D printers escalated by nearly 45%, and that of industrial robots witnessed a remarkable surge of 26%.
Notwithstanding its comparatively rapid expansion on a global scale, the Chinese economy has encountered considerable difficulty in re-establishing its pre-pandemic dynamism, primarily due to the protracted slump in the property sector, which has exacerbated unemployment figures and consequently instilled a pervasive sense of fiscal caution among households.
Consumer prices registered a marginal 0.1% decline in the inaugural quarter, intimating a palpable imbalance between demand and supply across a multitude of industrial sectors; concurrently, real estate investment evinced persistent enervation, contracting by nearly 10% year-on-year, notwithstanding governmental initiatives aimed at catalyzing increased credit availability for residential acquisitions.
The imminent tariff imbroglio portends yet another formidable setback precisely when the Beijing authorities are assiduously endeavoring to galvanize corporate investment, stimulate job creation, and incentivize greater consumer expenditure.
Economists across the public and private sectors have maintained a circumspect stance, particularly in light of Trump's mercurial shifts regarding the specifics of his protean trade conflict.
"In light of the past fortnight's occurrences, forecasting the potential trajectory of reciprocal U.S. and Chinese tariff imposition proves exceedingly challenging," posited Tao Wang and fellow UBS economists in a published report.
Both the International Monetary Fund and the Asian Development Bank have steadfastly adhered to their more sanguine projections, anticipating a growth trajectory hovering around 4.6% for the current fiscal cycle.
Upon assuming office, Trump initially mandated a decuple augmentation in import tariffs on goods originating from China, subsequently escalating this imposition to a centuple increment; presently, the vast majority of Chinese exports to the United States confront a formidable surtax of one hundred and forty-five percent.
UBS projects that, were the tariffs to persist at their current approximate magnitude, Chinese exports to the United States might contract by two-thirds in the ensuing months, whilst its overall global exports could diminish by a tenth in dollar terms. Consequently, it has downwardly revised its economic growth forecast for the current year to 3.4% from its prior projection of 4%, anticipating a deceleration to 3% in 2026.
Over the preceding seven-month period, China has intensified its endeavours to invigorate consumer expenditure and private sector capitalisation, notably amplifying subventions for automotive and appliance replacement schemes whilst allocating augmented funding towards residential development and other industries confronting acute liquidity constraints.
May 2nd, 2025
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